This
study
investigated
the
feasibility
of
producing
silkworm
pupae
(SP)
biochar
through
torrefaction.
The
assessment
evolved
multiple
properties
considering
in
natura
(ISP)
and
post-lipidic
extraction
(ESP).
Statistical
analysis
(RSM)
explored
a
categorical
central
composite
design
(CCD,
α
=
1.41421)
guided
26
experiments,
varying
torrefaction
temperature
(180–300
°C),
time
(20–60
min),
lipidic
extracts
removal
(categorical).
Two
scenarios
were
created:
one
prioritized
quality
(S1),
while
other
emphasized
reduced
energy
expenditure
product
energetic
(S2).
RSM-CCD
provided
statistically
significant
models
presenting
quadratic
cubic
for
parameters.
In
S1,
ESP
was
optimized
at
300
°C
60
min,
yielding
an
energy-mass
coefficient
index
(EMCI)
15.18
FC/VM
0.34,
indicating
improved
properties.
S2,
ISP
275
20
resulting
EMCI
8.5
0.19,
emphasizing
use.
Bioresources and Bioprocessing,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Abstract
Integrating
innovation
and
environmental
responsibility
has
become
important
in
pursuing
sustainable
industrial
practices
the
contemporary
world.
These
twin
imperatives
have
stimulated
research
into
developing
methods
that
optimize
processes,
enhancing
efficiency
effectiveness
while
mitigating
undesirable
ecological
impacts.
This
objective
is
exemplified
by
emergence
of
biochar
derived
from
thermo-chemical
transformation
biomass.
review
examines
production
their
potential
applications
across
various
aspects
iron
steel
industries
(ISI).
The
technical,
economic,
implications
integrating
ISI
were
explored.
Slow
pyrolysis
hydrothermal
carbonization
are
most
efficient
for
higher
yield
(25–90%).
Biochar
several
advantages-
heating
value
(30–32
MJ/kg),
more
porosity
(58.22%),
significantly
larger
surface
area
(113
m
2
/g)
compared
to
coal
coke.
However,
presence
often
reduces
fluidity
a
coal-biochar
mixture.
findings
highlighted
implementation
come
with
costs,
primarily
due
expense
substitute
fuels
traditional
fossil
fuels.
economic
viability
societal
desirability
highly
uncertain
vary
based
on
factors
such
as
location,
feedstock
type,
scale,
pricing,
among
others.
Furthermore,
biomass
supply
chain
another
factor
which
determines
its
large
scale
implementation.
Despite
these
challenges,
there
opportunities
reduce
emissions
BF-BOF
operations
utilizing
technologies.
Overall,
present
study
explored
diverse
aiming
contribute
ongoing
manufacturing
practices,
underscoring
significance
shaping
environmentally
conscious
future.
