Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
Concerns
about
the
safety
of
food
additives
have
intensified
among
consumers,
scientists,
and
policymakers.
Ensuring
these
is
crucial
to
public
health.
Carrageenan
(CGN),
a
common
additive
in
industry,
has
become
subject
controversy,
particularly
regarding
whether
it
can
be
degraded
gastrointestinal
tract,
forming
carrageenans
(dCGNs)
that
may
pose
health
risks.
This
study
first
identify
Bacteroides
xylanisolvens
C3
as
key
gut
bacterium
involved
degradation
food-grade
lambda-CGN
(L-CGN).
Using
high-performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC),
thin-layer
(TLC),
metabolic
analysis,
we
confirmed
ability
this
degrade
L-CGN.
Importantly,
found
microbiota-generated
dCGNs
significantly
increased
nitric
oxide
(NO)
COX-2
production
upregulated
pro-inflammatory
genes,
including
IL-1β,
TNF-α,
IL-6,
macrophages.
also
highlights
how
microbial
L-CGN
drive
inflammation,
through
activation
Nrf2
NLRP3
pathways.
These
results
suggest
contribute
underscoring
need
better
understand
interactions
with
L-CGN,
context
colon
inflammation-related
diseases
such
inflammatory
bowel
disease.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
While
the
bloom-forming
cyanobacterium
Microcystis
can
exist
as
free-living
single
cells
or
within
dense
mucilaginous
colonies,
drivers
and
consequences
of
colony
formation
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
integrated
metatranscriptomic
datasets
from
two
bloom
events
in
Lake
Taihu,
China,
to
analyze
validate
functional
differences
between
colonial
single-cell
.
Our
results
confirmed
expression
profiles
were
disproportionately
enriched
transcripts
(and
functions)
compared
other
prokaryotic
taxa.
Concomitantly,
viral
infection
strategies
diverged
by
community
morphology:
colony-associated
expressed
lysogeny-associated
genes,
while
exhibited
increased
signatures
lytic
infection.
These
data
are
consistent
with
hypothesis
that
colonies
foster
conditions
favorable
lysogen
formation-likely
due
local
high
cell
densities
resulting
advantage
superinfection
immunity-whereas
solitary
experience
stronger
pressure.
On
a
broader
scale,
our
findings
refine
understanding
dynamics
identifying
how
morphological
states
coincide
distinct
host-virus
interactions.
Cumulatively,
this
work
underscores
importance
shaping
ecology
highlights
need
for
mechanistic
studies
disentangle
interplay
phage
modes,
formation,
microbial
structure.
Microbial Cell Factories,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
Abstract
The
increasing
global
demand
for
sustainable
protein
sources
necessitates
the
exploration
of
alternative
solutions
beyond
traditional
livestock
and
crop-based
proteins.
Microalgae
present
a
promising
due
to
their
high
content,
rapid
biomass
accumulation,
minimal
land
water
requirements.
Furthermore,
ability
thrive
on
non-arable
in
wastewater
systems
enhances
sustainability
resource
efficiency.
Despite
these
advantages,
scalability
economical
feasibility
remain
major
challenges
microalgal
production.
This
review
explores
recent
advancements
cultivation
extraction
technologies,
including
pulsed
electric
field,
ultrasound-assisted
extraction,
enzyme-assisted
microwave-assisted
extraction.
These
innovative
techniques
have
significantly
improved
efficiency,
purity,
sustainability,
while
addressing
cell
wall
disruption
recovery
challenges.
Additionally,
examines
digestibility
bioavailability,
particularly
context
human
nutrition
aquafeed
applications.
A
critical
analysis
life
cycle
assessment
studies
highlights
environmental
footprint
production
compared
conventional
sources.
Although
requires
significant
energy
inputs,
biorefinery
approaches,
carbon
dioxide
sequestration,
industrial
integration
can
help
mitigate
limitations.
Finally,
this
outlines
key
future
research
directions,
emphasizing
need
cost
reduction
strategies,
genetic
engineering
enhanced
yields,
industrial-scale
process
optimization.
By
integrating
with
models,
proteins
hold
immense
potential
as
sustainable,
high-quality
source
food,
feed,
nutraceutical
