Abstract
Hydrogel-based
flexible
sensors
have
demonstrated
significant
advantages
in
the
fields
of
electronics
and
human–machine
interactions
(HMIs),
including
outstanding
flexibility,
high
sensitivity,
excellent
conductivity,
exceptional
biocompatibility,
making
them
ideal
materials
for
next-generation
smart
HMI
sensors.
However,
traditional
hydrogel
still
face
numerous
challenges
terms
reliability,
multifunctionality,
environmental
adaptability,
which
limit
their
performance
complex
application
scenarios.
Nanomaterial-based
composite
hydrogels
significantly
improve
mechanical
properties,
multifunctionality
by
incorporating
conductive
nanomaterials,
thereby
driving
rapid
development
wearable
HMIs.
This
review
systematically
summarizes
latest
research
progress
on
based
carbon
metal
two-dimensional
MXene
provides
a
comprehensive
analysis
sensing
mechanisms
HMI,
triboelectric
nanogenerator
mechanism,
stress-resistance
response
electrophysiological
acquisition
mechanism.
The
further
explores
applications
hydrogel-based
personal
electronic
device
control,
virtual
reality/augmented
reality
(VR/AR)
game
interaction,
robotic
control.
Finally,
current
technical
status
future
directions
nanomaterial
are
summarized.
We
hope
that
this
will
provide
valuable
insights
inspiration
design
nanocomposite
applications.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(38)
Опубликована: Май 3, 2024
Abstract
Real‐time
monitoring
of
respiration
plays
a
very
important
role
in
human
health
assessment,
especially
and
analyzing
during
exercise
sleep.
However,
traditional
humidity
sensors
still
have
problems
flexibility,
sensitivity,
durability,
so
there
is
an
urgent
need
to
develop
with
high
stretchability,
environmental
resistance
as
respiratory
applications.
Here,
based
on
the
double
network
hydrogel
structure
polyvinyl
alcohol
polyacrylamide,
highly
sensitive,
stretchable,
environmentally
stable
organic
sensor
has
been
manufactured
by
using
synergistic
effect
lithium
chloride
MXene.
The
shows
rapid
response
range
40–85%
RH,
sensitivity
−103.4%/%
RH.
In
addition,
it
exhibits
more
than
3000%
mechanical
strain
excellent
resistance,
which
attributed
chemical
cross‐linking
multiple
hydroxyl
groups
glycerol
forming
rich
hydrogen
bonds
water
polymer
chains.
used
for
real‐time
breathing
sleep
processes.
This
work
provides
new
strategy
preparing
high‐performance,
extensibility,
stability
hydrogel‐based
monitoring.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
63(32), С. 14176 - 14189
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024
Bionic
electronic
skin,
with
its
integrated
biological
functions,
is
capable
of
sensing
and
responding
to
external
stimuli,
potentially
surpassing
the
ideal
flexibility
natural
skin
in
certain
aspects.
Most
current
preparation
strategies
employ
"bottom-up"
approach,
using
various
monomers
or
polymer
materials
construct
artificial
networks
through
physical
chemical
cross-linking,
leading
issues
complexity
limited
performance.
In
this
work,
we
adopted
a
"top-down"
strategy,
which
collagen
fiber
network
aluminum-tanned
sheepskin
was
utilized
as
scaffold
load
itaconic
acid
(IA)
hydroxyethyl
acrylate
(HEA).
The
subsequent
situ
polymerization
IA
HEA
led
formation
poly(itaconic
acid-co-hydroxyethyl
acrylate)
(P(IA-HEA))
filling
among
skeleton,
results
successful
fabrication
high-strength
bionic
based
on
(LIHEZ).
advantage
approach
that
it
can
retain
structure
properties
give
resulting
LIHEZ
multiple
functions
(e.g.,
electrical
conductivity,
adhesion,
bacteriostasis,
biocompatibility,
environmental
stability),
thereby
replicating
even
performance
animal
skin.
demonstrated
sensitive
stimulus
responsiveness
durability
could
serve
multimodal
sensors
(strain,
temperature,
humidity,
bioelectricity)
efficiently
monitor
human
movements,
physiological
signals,
changes
temperature
humidity.
This
diversified
data
collection
provides
reliable
assurance
for
monitoring
health.
present
construction
method
substrate
not
only
breaks
conventional
single
applications
but
also
new
insights
selection
flexible
device
substrates,
promising
be
next-generation
material
constructing
intelligent
Advanced Sensor Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
3(9)
Опубликована: Май 14, 2024
Abstract
Smart
hydrogel
sensors,
functioning
as
implantable
devices,
play
a
vital
role
in
health
monitoring
and
early
warning,
overcoming
the
limitations
of
conventional
clinical
methods
to
achieve
direct,
continuous,
precise
monitoring.
Widely
employed
across
various
biomedical
fields,
these
sensors
offer
unique
advantages
for
monitoring,
ensuring
highly
accurate
In
addition
detecting
biomolecules,
smart
with
their
flexibility
biocompatibility,
monitor
disease‐specific
markers,
insights
into
disease
progression,
contribute
identification
diseases.
This
article
provides
comprehensive
review
types
human
The
study
discusses
recent
advancements
sensor
research,
aiming
promising
Finally,
paper
outlines
prospective
research
directions
field
While
further
validation
are
essential,
poised
pivotal
applications,
furnishing
people
continuous
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(25), С. 32466 - 32480
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024
Multimodal
flexible
sensors,
consisting
of
multiple
sensing
units,
can
sense
and
recognize
different
external
stimuli
by
outputting
types
response
signals.
However,
the
recovery
recycling
multimodal
sensors
are
impeded
complex
structures
use
materials.
Here,
a
bimodal
sensor
that
strain
resistance
change
temperature
voltage
was
constructed
using
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
hydrogel
as
matrix
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS)
material
due
to
its
conductivity
thermoelectric
effect.
The
plasticity
hydrogels,
along
with
simplicity
sensor's
components
structure,
facilitates
easy
recycling.
incorporation
citric
acid
ethylene
glycol
improved
mechanical
properties,
hysteresis,
antifreezing
properties
hydrogels.
exhibits
remarkable
strain,
characterized
high
sensitivity
(gauge
factor
4.46),
low
detection
limit
(0.1%),
fast
times,
minimal
excellent
stability.
Temperature
changes
induced
hot
air
currents,
objects,
light
cause
exhibit
sensitivity,
time,
good
Additionally,
variations
in
ambient
humidity
minimally
affect
response,
remains
unaffected
changes.
recycled
essentially
unchanged
for
temperature.
Finally,
applied
monitor
body
motion,
robots
stimuli.
Journal of Semiconductors,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
46(1), С. 011610 - 011610
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Abstract
Multimodal
sensor
fusion
can
make
full
use
of
the
advantages
various
sensors,
up
for
shortcomings
a
single
sensor,
achieve
information
verification
or
security
through
redundancy,
and
improve
reliability
safety
system.
Artificial
intelligence
(AI),
referring
to
simulation
human
in
machines
that
are
programmed
think
learn
like
humans,
represents
pivotal
frontier
modern
scientific
research.
With
continuous
development
promotion
AI
technology
Sensor
4.0
age,
multimodal
is
becoming
more
intelligent
automated,
expected
go
further
future.
this
context,
review
article
takes
comprehensive
look
at
recent
progress
on
AI-enhanced
sensors
their
integrated
devices
systems.
Based
concept
principle
technologies
algorithms,
theoretical
underpinnings,
technological
breakthroughs,
pragmatic
applications
fields
such
as
robotics,
healthcare,
environmental
monitoring
highlighted.
Through
comparative
study
dual/tri-modal
with
without
using
(especially
machine
learning
deep
learning),
highlight
potential
performance,
data
processing,
decision-making
capabilities.
Furthermore,
analyzes
challenges
opportunities
afforded
by
offers
prospective
outlook
forthcoming
advancements.
Hydrogels
with
a
combination
of
mechanical
flexibility
and
good
electrical
conductivity
hold
significant
potential
for
various
applications.
Nonetheless,
it
is
inevitable
that
water-based
conductive
hydrogels
lose
their
elasticity
at
extremely
low
temperatures,
severely
limiting
utilization
in
ultralow
temperature
environments,
such
as
those
Arctic/Antarctic
exploration.
In
this
study,
we
developed
hydrogel
based
on
double
network
cross-linking
strategy
incorporated
silk
fibroin
(SF)
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS)
within
lithium
bromide
(LiBr)
solution,
which
shows
exceptional
antifreezing
(-108
°C
freezing
point)
excellent
(16.33
S
m-1).
The
obtained
SF/PEDOT:PSS/LiBr
(SPL)
stable
reliable
response
to
wide
range
deformations
(compression:
0.5-60%;
tensile:
1.0-100%),
short
response/recovery
time
approximately
70
ms.
More
importantly,
the
displays
well-maintained
conductivity,
robust
properties,
dependable
sensing
capabilities,
even
under
temperatures
-80
°C.
For
proof
concept,
demonstrated
applications
SPL
detecting
body
movements,
monitoring
climate
conditions,
ensuring
information
security
environments.
results
indicate
promising
candidate
fabricating
flexible
sensors,
particularly
well-suited
use
challenging
scenarios.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Март 8, 2025
Polyvinyl
alcohol
(PVA)/polyethylene
glycol
(PEG)
hydrogels,
being
low-cost
and
abundant
materials,
can
demonstrate
tremendous
potential
in
applications
requiring
mechanical
robustness
by
harnessing
the
enhancements
afforded
a
structure
inspired
articular
cartilage
(AC).
This
study
presents
fabrication
of
bioinspired
PVA/PEG
(BPP)
hydrogel,
characterized
their
high
strength
low
friction
coefficient.
By
utilizing
concrete-like
composed
PVA
particles
fibers,
BPP
hydrogel
demonstrates
notable
properties
such
as
compressive
(86%,
29.5
MPa),
tensile
(265%,
10.5
fatigue
resistance,
impact
cut
resistance.
Moreover,
under
submerged
conditions,
it
exhibits
coefficient
(COF)
minimal
wear.
The
packaged
sensor
sensitivity,
linearity,
fast
response
time.
Ultimately,
we
endeavor
to
apply
straightforward
yet
competent
strategy
intelligent
protective
sensing
equipment,
showcasing
extensive
prospects
for
practical
applications.
Hydrogels
have
number
applications,
but
many,
is
required.
Here,
authors
report
preparation
with
cartilage-inspired
structure,
friction,
amongst
other
properties.
