Dynamic molecular regulation of salt stress responses in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Maize ranks among the most essential crops globally, yet its growth and yield are significantly hindered by salt stress, posing challenges to agricultural productivity. To utilize saline-alkali soils more effectively enrich maize germplasm resources, identifying salt-tolerant genes in is essential. In this study, we used a inbred line, SPL02, salt-sensitive Mo17. We treated both lines with 180 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) for 0 days, 3 6 9 days at three-leaf stage (V3). Through comprehensive morphological, physiological, transcriptomic analyses, assessed stress effects identified hub pathways associated tolerance. Our analysis 25,383 expressed genes, substantial differences gene expression patterns across treatment stages. found 8,971 differentially (DEGs)-7,111 unique SPL02 4,791 Mo17-indicating dynamic changes under stress. DEGs primarily MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone conditions. Mo17, responses mediated through abscisic acid-activated pathway response. Additionally, our weighted co-expression network (WGCNA) pinpointed five that likely play central roles mediating These functions including phosphate import ATP-binding protein, glycosyltransferase, WRKY transcription factors. This study offers valuable insights into complex regulatory networks governing response identifies further investigation. findings contribute knowledge enhancing resilience sustainability saline-affected environments.

Язык: Английский

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Biotransformation of anthelmintics in nematodes in relation to drug resistance

International Journal for Parasitology Drugs and Drug Resistance, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27, С. 100579 - 100579

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

In all organisms, the biotransformation of xenobiotics to less toxic and more hydrophilic compounds represents an effective defense strategy. pathogens, drugs (used for their elimination from host) may provide undesirable protective effects that could potentially compromise drug's efficacy. Accordingly, increased drug deactivation via accelerated is now considered as one mechanisms resistance. The present study summarizes current knowledge regarding anthelmintics, specifically used treat mainly nematodes, a group parasites are significant health concern humans animals. main enzymes introduced roles in anthelmintics metabolism nematodes discussed with particular focus on potential participation Similarly, inducibility sublethal doses presented view its contribution resistance development. conclusion, tasks awaiting scientists this area outlined.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal endophytes modulate the negative effects induced by Persistent Organic Pollutants in the antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis

Physiologia Plantarum, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 177(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Antarctica has one of the most sensitive ecosystems to negative effects Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on its biodiversity. This is because lower temperatures and persistence POPs that promote their accumulation or even biomagnification. However, impact vascular plants unknown. Moreover, fungal symbionts could modulate host cope with this stress factor. study investigates molecular ecophysiological responses Sub‐Antarctic Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis in different populations along a latitudinal gradient (53°‐ 67° S), emphasizing role endophytic fungi. The results show exposure C. generates oxidative alters performance. Nevertheless, association endophytes exposure, shows lipid peroxidation, higher proline content photosynthetic capacity, as well biomass survival percentage, compared absence endophytes. On other hand, antarctic population (67°S) fungi presents better modulating upon exposure. Endophytic would be more necessary for performance towards latitudes extreme conditions, contributing significantly general functional adaptation. We develop transcriptomics analyses n quitensis‐ from Peninsula population. observed tolerance through upregulated genes redox regulation based ascorbate scavenging mechanisms (peroxidases, MDAR, VTC4, CCS), transformation (monooxygenases) conjugation compounds metabolites (glutathione transferases, glycosyltransferases, S‐transferases), storage elimination conjugates (ABC transporters, C G family) contribute detoxification cell. work highlights contribution resistance situations environmental stress, especially conditions such antarctica exposed anthropogenic impact. implications these findings are relevant biosecurity last pristine bastions worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Buckwheat UDP‐Glycosyltransferase FtUGT71K6 and FtUGT71K7 Tandem Repeats Contribute to Drought Tolerance by Regulating Epicatechin Synthesis

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Glycosyltransferase genes are organised as tandem repeats in the buckwheat genome, yet functional implications and evolutionary significance of duplicated remain largely unexplored. In this study, gene family analysis revealed that FtUGT71K6 FtUGT71K7 genome. Moreover, GWAS results for epicatechin suggested repeat function was associated with content Tartary germplasm, highlighting variations promoter haplotypes influenced levels. were shown to catalyse UDP-glucose conjugation cyanidin epicatechin. Furthermore, overexpression increased total antioxidant capacity altered metabolite biosynthesis pathway, contributing improved drought tolerance, while significantly salt stress tolerance. However, these two did not contribute resistance against Rhizoctonia solani. Evolutionary selection pressure positive a critical amino acid ASP-53 during duplication event. Overall, our study indicated play crucial roles tolerance via modulating synthesis buckwheat.

Язык: Английский

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Plastic responses to past environments shape adaptation to novel selection pressures

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(5)

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Phenotypic plasticity may pave the way for rapid adaptation to newly encountered environments. Although it is often contested, there growing evidence that initial plastic responses of ancestral populations new environmental cues promote subsequent adaptation. However, we do not know whether present in habitat (past-cue plasticity) can facilitate novel cues. Conceivably, this could occur if are coincidentally optimal both past and (i.e., preadaptive) or they transferred during Past phenotype values also become fixed environment. To uncover role past-cue adaptation, tested gene expression two parallel mine-waste-adapted Silene uniflora their closest coastal relatives. Plants were exposed salt zinc, which revealed mine waste, diminishes. Despite this, our results show has a substantial impact on zinc. For third genes have evolved zinc populations, been response. Furthermore, quarter differences between similar responses. Alongside provide clear indication play key rapid, habitats.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular characterization and structural basis of a promiscuous glycosyltransferase for β‐(1,6) oligoglucoside chain glycosides biosynthesis

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Summary Sugar building blocks are crucial for the chemical diversity and biological activity of secondary metabolites. UDP‐dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play a pivotal role in biosynthesis glycosides plants by catalysing attachment sugar moieties to various bioactive natural products. However, oligosaccharide‐chain is often limited narrow substrate specificity UGTs. In this study, we identify regio‐specific β ‐(1,6) glycosyltransferase, UGT94BY1, from Platycodon grandiflorum . UGT94BY1 exhibits broad promiscuity can transfer up three C6‐OH position glucosyl group triterpenoids phenolic glycosides, thereby forming oligoglucoside chains. To elucidate mechanism underlying its selectivity, determined crystal structure complex with UDP at resolution 2.0 Å. Molecular simulations revealed that critical structural motif, comprising residues N84‐M91, S141‐L155 R179‐E186, plays key recognizing acceptors facilitating chain elongation. Our study unveils powerful glycosyltransferase highlights regions involved recognition extension, providing valuable insights designing UGTs customized specificities biotechnological applications.

Язык: Английский

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Identification and Functional Characterization of Two UDP-Glycosyltransferases Involved in Narcissoside Biosynthesis in Anoectochilus roxburghii

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Flavonoid rutinosides, a group of bioactive compounds in Anoectochilus roxburghii, contribute greatly to the plant's beneficial effects on human health. However, glycosylation mechanism flavonoid rutinosides A. roxburghii remains unclear. In this study, two efficient and selective glycosyltransferases, AUTG25 AUTG23, involved biosynthesis narcissoside, major rutinoside were identified through transcriptome analysis functional validation. could regioselectively catalyze 3-O-glucosylation isorhamnetin produce 3-O-glucoside, while AUTG23 further 6"-O-rhamnosylation generate narcissoside. Both exhibited high positional sugar donor selectivities catalytic reaction. Homology modeling site-directed mutagenesis showed that H20, E83, E385, F143 E280, E89, D188, W327, D369, Y191 may be critical for their functions. Transient expression Nicotiana benthamiana finally confirmed possesses flavonol-3-O-glucosyltransferase activity has flavonol-3-O-glucoside (1→6) rhamnosyltransferase activity. This study clarified provided candidate UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase genes narcissoside roxburghii.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal key regulatory gene for methyl jasmonate-induced steroidal saponins synthesis in Dioscorea composita

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 135788 - 135788

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A novel glycosyltransferase gene RsUGT71B5 from Raphanus sativus L. regulated root growth and seedling development

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 109473 - 109473

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Long-term human influence on the demography and genetic diversity of the hyperdominant Bertholletia excelsa in the Amazon Basin

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The Amazon rainforest is characterized by a limited number of hyperdominant trees that play an oversized role in its ecosystems, nutrient cycle, and rainfall production. Some these, such as the Brazil nut, appear to have been intensively exploited dispersed Indigenous populations since their earliest arrival this part South America around 13,000 years ago. However, genetic diversity-and geographic structure-of these species remains poorly understood, does exact relationship with past human land use. We use new genome assembly for nut analyze 270 individuals sampled at areas varying intensities archaeological evidence. demonstrate overall low diversity, notable decrease Late Pleistocene, accompanied significant structure, where evidence improved gene flow regeneration long-term traditional management linked increased diversity. argue historical perspectives on diversity key tree species, can support development more active strategies today.

Язык: Английский

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