Neuroscience Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 40(12), С. 1995 - 2011
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024
Язык: Английский
Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 212, С. 107593 - 107593
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
General anesthesia is administered to millions of individuals each year, however, the precise mechanism by which it induces unconsciousness remains unclear. While some theories suggest that shares similarities with natural sleep, targeting sleep-promoting areas and inhibiting arousal nuclei, recent research indicates a more complex process. Emerging evidence highlights critical role corticothalamocortical circuits, are involved in higher cognitive functions, controlling states modulating transitions between different conscious during anesthesia. The administration general anesthetics disrupts connectivity within these resulting reversible state unconsciousness. This review elucidates how impair interactions, thereby affecting flow information across various cortical layers disrupting higher-order functions while preserving basic sensory processing. Additionally, prefrontal cortex regulating through both top-down bottom-up pathways was examined. These findings highlight intricate interplay subcortical networks maintaining restoring consciousness under anesthesia, offering potential therapeutic targets for enhancing management.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
British Journal of Anaesthesia, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 132(2), С. 334 - 342
Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14
Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(5), С. 355 - 366
Опубликована: Март 14, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12
Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023
General anesthesia leads to a loss of consciousness and an unrousable state in patients. Although general anesthetics are widely used clinical practice, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The potential involvement nonneuronal cells is unknown. Microglia important immune the central nervous system (CNS) that play critical roles CNS function dysfunction. We unintentionally observed delayed induction early emergence microglia-depleted mice. found microglial depletion differentially regulates neuronal activities by suppressing network anesthesia-activated brain regions activating emergence-activated regions. Thus, microglia facilitate stabilize status. This influence not mediated dendritic spine plasticity. Instead, it relies on activation P2Y12 subsequent calcium influx, which facilitates response. Together, we elucidate regulatory role anesthesia, extending our knowledge how modulate activities.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
11
Anesthesiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 141(1), С. 56 - 74
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
Background Stimulation of the paraventricular thalamus has been found to enhance anesthesia recovery; however, underlying molecular mechanism by which general anesthetics modulate is unclear. This study aimed test hypothesis that sodium leak channel (NALCN) maintains neuronal activity in resist anesthetic effects sevoflurane mice. Methods Chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations, vivo multiple-channel recordings, electroencephalogram recordings were used investigate role anesthesia. Virus-mediated knockdown and/or overexpression was applied determine how NALCN influenced excitability glutamatergic neurons under sevoflurane. Viral tracers local field potentials explore downstream pathway. Results Single spikes suppressed recovered during emergence. Optogenetic activation shortened emergence period from anesthesia, while chemogenetic inhibition had opposite effect. Knockdown delayed (recovery time: 24 ± 14 64 19 s, P < 0.001; concentration for recovery righting reflex: 1.13% 0.10% 0.97% 0.13%, 0.01). As expected, produced effects. At circuit level, decreased nucleus accumbens, as indicated potential single accumbens. Additionally, on actions reversed optical stimulation Conclusions Activity Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about Topic Article Tells Us That Is New
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(6)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Abstract Background The thalamus system plays critical roles in the regulation of reversible unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics, especially arousal stage anesthesia (GA). But function GA‐induced loss consciousness (LOC) is little known. thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) only GABAergic neurons‐composed thalamus, which composed parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST)‐expressing neurons. anterior sector TRN (aTRN) indicated to participate induction anesthesia, but remain unclear. This study aimed reveal role aTRN propofol isoflurane anesthesia. Methods We first set up c‐Fos straining monitor activity variation PV SST neurons during Subsequently, optogenetic tools were utilized activate elucidate Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings behavioral tests recorded analyzed. Lastly, chemogenetic activation was applied confirm Results showed that both are activated LOC period Optogenetic promoted delayed recovery (ROC) after meanwhile displayed similar effects. Moreover, resulted accumulated burst suppression ratio (BSR) GA, although they represented different effects on power distribution EEG frequency. Conclusion Our findings play a promoting propofol‐ isoflurane‐mediated GA.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 805 - 805
Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024
Etomidate is a general anesthetic that has shown good hemodynamic stability without significant cardiovascular or respiratory depression. Despite several kinds of dosage forms having been reported for this drug, formulation types are very limited in clinical practice, and brain-targeted formulations central nervous system (CNS) drug have rarely reported. Moreover, studies on the biocompatibility, toxicity, effects etomidate preparations vivo were inadequate. The present study was to develop lactoferrin-modified liposomal (Eto-lip-LF) enhanced distribution brain improved effects. Eto-lip-LF had storage hemocompatibility intravenous injection. Compared with non-lactoferrin-containing liposomes, liposomes notably brain-targeting ability vivo, which probably realized by binding transferrin lactoferrin receptors highly distributed brain. therapeutic index about 25.3, higher than many other anesthetics. compared commercial emulsion, could better achieve rapid onset anesthesia recovery from anesthesia, due delivery above results demonstrated potential become an alternative preparation anesthesia.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024
For over 170 years, general anesthesia has played a crucial role in clinical practice, yet comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying induction unconsciousness by anesthetics remains elusive. Ongoing research into these primarily centers around brain nuclei and circuits associated with sleep-wake. In this context, two sophisticated methodologies, optogenetics chemogenetics, have emerged as vital tools for recording modulating activity specific neuronal populations or within distinct regions. Recent advancements successfully employed techniques to investigate impact on various pathways. This paper provides an in-depth examination use optogenetic chemogenetic methodologies studying effects Additionally, it discusses depth advantages limitations well issues that must be considered scientific applications. By shedding light facets, serves valuable reference furthering accurate exploration anesthesia. It aids researchers clinicians effectively evaluating applicability advancing practice.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
British Journal of Anaesthesia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0