Mitochondria in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 196 - 196

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects persons aged 65 years above. It causes dementia with memory loss deterioration in thinking language skills. AD characterized by specific pathology resulting from the accumulation brain of extracellular plaques amyloid-β intracellular tangles phosphorylated tau. The importance mitochondrial dysfunction pathogenesis, while previously underrecognized, now more appreciated. Mitochondria are an essential organelle involved cellular bioenergetics signaling pathways. Mitochondrial processes crucial for synaptic activity such as mitophagy, trafficking, fission, fusion dysregulated brain. Excess fission fragmentation yield mitochondria low energy production. Reduced glucose metabolism also observed hypometabolic state, particularly temporo-parietal regions. This review addresses multiple ways which abnormal structure function contribute to AD. Disruption electron transport chain ATP production neurotoxic because cells have disproportionately high demands. In addition, oxidative stress, extremely damaging nerve cells, rises dramatically dyshomeostasis. Restoring health may be viable approach treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Bioactive Molecules from Marine Diatoms and Their Value for the Nutraceutical Industry

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 464 - 464

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2023

The search for novel sources of nutrients is among the basic goals achievement sustainable progress. In this context, microalgae are relevant organisms, being rich in high-value compounds and able to grow open ponds or photobioreactors, thus enabling profitable exploitation aquatic resources. Microalgae, a huge taxon containing photosynthetic microorganisms living freshwater, as well brackish marine waters, typically unicellular eukaryotic, include green algae (Chlorophyceae), red (Rhodophyceae), brown (Phaeophyceae) diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). recent decades, have been considered most humans with respect other microalgae. This review focuses on studies exploring their bio-pharmacological activities when human disease prevention and/or treatment. addition, we extracts (or purified compounds) specific nutraceutical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Anti-biofilm activity of marine algae-derived bioactive compounds

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

A large number of microbial species tend to communicate and produce biofilm which causes numerous infections, antibiotic resistance, economic problems across different industries. Therefore, advanced anti-biofilms are required with novel attributes targets, such as quorum sensing communication system. Meanwhile, inhibitors promising anti-biofilm molecules result in the inhibition particular phenotype expression blocking cell-to-cell communication, would be more acceptable than conventional strategies. Many natural products identified agents from plants, microorganisms, marine extracts. Marine algae sources broadly compounds activity. Algae extracts their metabolites sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan), carotenoids (zeaxanthin lutein), lipid fatty acids (γ-linolenic acid linoleic acid), phlorotannins can inhibit cell attachment, reduce growth, interfere pathway by related enzymes, disrupt extracellular polymeric substances. In this review, mechanisms formation, pathway, recently will discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Cinnamic acid conjugated with triazole acetamides as anti-Alzheimer and anti-melanogenesis candidates: an in vitro and in silico study

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

In this study, new cinnamic acid linked to triazole acetamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for anti-Alzheimer anti-melanogenesis activities. The structural elucidation of all analogs performed using different analytical techniques, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy. compounds were assessed in vitro their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase enzymes. Among synthesize derivative compound 3-(4-((1-(2-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic (10j) exhibited the highest activity BChE with an IC50 value 11.99 ± 0.53 µM. Derivative 3-(3-methoxy-4-((1-(2-oxo-2-(p-tolylamino)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)acrylic (10d), bearing a 4-CH3 group, identified as most potent AChE inhibitor. terms inhibition, 3-(3-methoxy-4-((1-(2-((2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)acrylic (compound 10n), demonstrated 44.87% inhibition at concentration 40 Additionally, kinetic study 10j which 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituents revealed mixed-type pattern. Furthermore, molecular docking dynamic studies conducted thoroughly evaluate its mode action within active site.

Язык: Английский

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Health benefits of algae and marine-derived bioactive metabolites for modulating ulcerative colitis symptoms

Journal of Functional Foods, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 125, С. 106690 - 106690

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Combined Donepezil with Astaxanthin via Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Effective Delivery to Brain for Alzheimer’s Disease in Rat Model

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 18, С. 4193 - 4227

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Introduction: Donepezil (DPL), a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used as first-line treatment to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it might have modifying effect. Astaxanthin (AST) natural potent antioxidant with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) co-loaded donepezil astaxanthin (DPL/AST–NLCs) evaluate their vivo efficacy an AD-like rat model 30 days after daily intranasal administration. Methods: DPL/AST–NLCs were prepared using hot high-shear homogenization technique, vitro examined for physicochemical parameters evaluated. AD induction rats was performed by aluminum chloride. The cortex hippocampus isolated from the brain of biochemical testing histopathological examination. Results: showed z-average diameter 149.9 ± 3.21 nm, polydispersity index 0.224 0.017, zeta potential – 33.7 4.71 mV, entrapment efficiency 81.25 1.98% (donepezil) 93.85 1.75% (astaxanthin), sustained release both 24 h, spherical morphology transmission electron microscopy, they stable at 4– 8 2°C six months. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that molecularly dispersed NLC matrix amorphous state. DPL/AST–NLC-treated significantly lower levels nuclear factor-kappa B, malondialdehyde, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1, caspase-3, beta (Aβ 1‑42 ), acetylcholinesterase, higher glutathione acetylcholine than untreated treated donepezil–NLCs. antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects, resulting significant improvement cortical hippocampal histopathology. Conclusion: Nose-to-brain delivery promising strategy management AD. Keywords: disease, donepezil, astaxanthin, delivery,

Язык: Английский

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Alzheimer, Parkinson, dementia, and phytochemicals: insight review

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 23

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia are the leading neurodegenerative diseases that threaten world with aging population. Although pathophysiology of each disease is unique, steps to be taken prevent similar. One changes a person can make alone gain habit an antioxidant-rich diet. Phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties have been reported in various studies. similar chemical structures grouped. Accordingly, there two main groups phytochemicals, flavonoid non-flavonoid. Various

Язык: Английский

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Improving the Treatment Effect of Carotenoids on Alzheimer’s Disease through Various Nano-Delivery Systems

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(8), С. 7652 - 7652

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

Natural bioactive compounds have recently emerged as a current strategy for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Carotenoids, including astaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, fucoxanthin, crocin and others are natural pigments antioxidants, can be used to treat variety of diseases, disease. However, carotenoids, oil-soluble substances with additional unsaturated groups, suffer from low solubility, poor stability bioavailability. Therefore, the preparation various nano-drug delivery systems carotenoids is measure achieve efficient application carotenoids. Different carotenoid improve stability, permeability bioavailability certain extent efficacy. This review summarizes recent data on different treatment disease, polymer, lipid, inorganic hybrid systems. These drug been shown beneficial therapeutic effect extent.

Язык: Английский

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The anti-Alzheimer potential of novel spiroindolin-1,2-diazepine derivatives as targeted cholinesterase inhibitors with modified substituents

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2023

Abstract In this study, a new series of spiro indolin-1,2-diazepine were designed, synthesized, and screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory activities. A novel, green, high-yielding approach was constructed to synthesize derivatives through cascade reaction different isatins, malononitrile 1,1-enediamines (EDAMs) via sequential four-component reactions produce the target compounds with good excellent yields. Next potencies all determined spectroscopically at 415 nm using modified Ellman method. The results in vitro screening indicated that 5l spiroindolin-1,2-diazepine core bearing 5-NO 2 R 1 4-OH most potent selective AChE inhibitor an IC 50 value 3.98 ± 1.07 µM no significant inhibition against BChE while 5j active analog both enzymes. structure–activity relationships suggested variation activities affected by substitutions on indolinone ring as well phenyl moiety. enzyme kinetic studies compound five concentrations acetylthiocholine substrate (0.1–1 mM) Ellman's method revealed it inhibited mixed mode K i 0.044 μM. molecular docking study performed induced fit protocol predict putative binding interaction. It shown moieties used initial structure design play fundamental role interacting enzyme's site. Further, dynamics simulations Schrödinger package complex formed stable enzyme. MTT toxicity assessments neuroblastoma cell line executed, seen under tested concentrations.

Язык: Английский

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Natural Bioactive Compounds from Macroalgae and Microalgae for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 97(2), С. 205 - 224

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Neuroinflammation, toxic protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathways in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting these mechanisms with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, inhibitors of Aβ formation aggregation is crucial for treatment. Marine algae rich sources bioactive including carbohydrates, phenolics, fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, vitamins. In recent years, they have attracted interest from the pharmaceutical nutraceutical industries due to their exceptional biological activities, which include anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-apoptosis properties. Multiple lines evidence unveiled potential neuroprotective effects multifunctional algal compounds application treating managing AD. This article will provide insight into molecular underlying derived based on vitro vivo models neuroinflammation We also discuss as disease-modifying symptomatic treatment strategies AD.​AD.Open a separate windowGraphical Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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