Journal of Hospital Infection,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
148, С. 1 - 10
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
Many
UK
hospitals
rely
heavily
on
natural
ventilation
as
their
main
source
of
airflow
in
patient
wards.
This
method
can
have
cost
and
energy
benefits,
but
it
may
lead
to
unpredictable
flow
patterns
between
indoor
spaces,
potentially
leading
the
unexpected
transport
infectious
material
other
connecting
zones.
However,
effects
weather
conditions
airborne
transmission
are
often
overlooked.
Journal of Building Engineering,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
64, С. 105599 - 105599
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2022
In
the
past
few
years,
significant
efforts
have
been
made
to
investigate
transmission
of
COVID-19.
This
paper
provides
a
review
COVID-19
airborne
modeling
and
mitigation
strategies.
The
simulation
models
here
are
classified
into
infectious
risk
numerical
approaches
for
spatiotemporal
transmissions.
Mathematical
descriptions
assumptions
on
which
these
based
discussed.
Input
data
used
in
previous
studies
assess
dispersion
extracted
reported.
Moreover,
measurements
performed
study
within
indoor
environments
introduced
support
validations
anticipated
future
studies.
Transmission
strategies
recommended
recent
include
modifying
occupancy
ventilation
operations,
using
filters
air
purifiers,
installing
ultraviolet
(UV)
disinfection
systems,
personal
protection
compliance,
such
as
wearing
masks
social
distancing.
application
various
building
types,
educational,
office,
public,
residential,
hospital,
is
reviewed.
Recommendations
works
also
discussed
current
apparent
knowledge
gaps
covering
both
approaches.
Our
findings
show
that
different
measures
were
environments;
however,
there
no
conclusive
work
reporting
their
combined
effects
level
may
be
achieved.
further
should
conducted
understand
better
balance
between
mitigating
viral
transmissions
buildings
energy
consumption.
Building and Environment,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
228, С. 109924 - 109924
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022
Predictive
models
for
airborne
infection
risk
have
been
extensively
used
during
the
pandemic,
but
there
is
yet
still
no
consensus
on
a
common
approach,
which
may
create
misinterpretation
of
results
among
public
health
experts
and
engineers
designing
building
ventilation.
In
this
study
we
applied
latest
data
viral
load,
aerosol
droplet
sizes
removal
mechanisms
to
improve
Wells
Riley
model
by
introducing
following
novelties
i)
new
calculate
total
volume
respiratory
fluid
exhaled
per
unit
time
ii)
developing
novel
dose-based
generation
rate
dehydrated
droplets
after
expiration
iii)
deriving
quanta-RNA
relationship
various
strains
SARS-CoV-2
iv)
proposing
method
account
incomplete
mixing
conditions.
These
approaches
considerably
changed
previous
estimates
allowed
determine
more
accurate
average
quanta
emission
rates
including
omicron
variant.
values
original
strain
0.13
3.8
quanta/h
breathing
speaking
virus
variant
multipliers
be
simple
hand
calculations
probability
or
with
developed
operating
six
size
ranges
effect
ventilation
other
mechanisms.
The
made
available
as
an
open-source
tool.
Building and Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
250, С. 111174 - 111174
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024
The
COVID-19
pandemic
drew
attention
to
the
critical
role
of
building
ventilation
as
a
measure
for
controlling
infection
transmission.
With
substantial
number
outbreaks
in
care
homes
worldwide,
effectiveness
is
an
important
consideration
control
and
wider
exposure
indoor
air
pollutants.
In
this
study,
we
used
IoT-based
sensors
two
residential
evaluate
various
areas,
including
bedrooms,
corridors,
communal
spaces.
Our
monitoring
focused
on
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
levels
proxy
ventilation,
well
temperature
humidity,
during
spring
2022.
We
also
developed
model
using
software
CONTAM
coupled
it
with
risk
assess
airborne
transmission
risks
under
different
weather
occupancy
conditions.
results
suggest
that
generally
adequate
based
UK
guidelines
at
time,
CO2
below
800
ppm
majority
opening
windows
spaces
elderly
environments
can
help
preserve
periods
high
occupancy.
However,
modelling
data
suggests
low
values
may
be
indicative
many
therefore
rates
not
sufficient
mitigate
Encouraging
positive
behaviours
staff
residents,
potentially
supported
by
visible
monitors,
taking
additional
precautions
such
cleaners,
enabling
window
openings
or
wearing
masks
disease
prevalence
likely
beneficial
resident
health.
Environmental Health Perspectives,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
132(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
In
response
to
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
new
evidence-based
strategies
have
emerged
for
reducing
transmission
of
respiratory
infections
through
management
indoor
air.
