Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 112496 - 112496
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Journal of Building Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 85, С. 108715 - 108715
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the critical importance of ventilation in mitigating indoor airborne pathogen transmission. Numerous studies have consistently observed aerosol transmission poorly ventilated environments. This article aims to comprehensively review distribution respiratory and non-respiratory contaminants across various mechanical natural systems, identify features different evaluate their performance diverse contexts, highlight primary limitations advantages. A total ten systems three were reviewed. Our analysis reveals that efficiency these varies significantly based on specific room contexts assessment criteria employed. However, as a general trend, mixing (MV) diffuse ceiling exhibit highest contaminant concentrations infection risk, while stratum yields lowest contamination levels. Notably, laminar airflow is predominantly employed cleanrooms, limited research been conducted intermittent (IV). For window-integrated fans cost-effective architectural modifications, such optimizing window placement dimensions, enhance effectiveness cross (CV) reducing contaminants. Single-sided (SSV) demonstrates poorer air quality compared MV CV, necessitating additional cleaning devices. Research efficacy windcatcher particle emissions limited. Consequently, recommendations are provided for each method minimize into occupants' breathing zones. Finally, this identifies trends underscores existing knowledge gaps within mode.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
22
Building Simulation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(5), С. 771 - 784
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
Energies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(11), С. 2769 - 2769
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
Air conditioning systems can play a positive or negative role in the spread of COVID-19 infection. The importance sufficient outdoor air changes buildings was highlighted by World Health Organization, therefore these should be guaranteed mechanical ventilation adequate systems. proposed case study concerns optimal number to limit contagion for school building Central Italy. Wells–Riley model is used assess risk airborne infection, while energy consumption calculated dynamic simulation software. scope paper offers an innovative method define strategy building’s HVAC system design reduce infection with limited increases and greenhouse gas emissions. Results show that desirable approach one which same low value set all rooms. This new results significant savings, compared most common ones (setting high rates rooms) counteract Finally, zero-emission target verified introducing suitable photovoltaic offset pollutant
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
Energies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(4), С. 855 - 855
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilation in buildings was not always given its due importance. The World Health Organization has highlighted important role of air exchange with outdoors improving quality buildings; should, therefore, be equipped mechanical or adequate conditioning systems. This paper aims to investigate different retrofit solutions for conditioning, evaluating them terms energy consumption and cost impact increased outdoor rates on countering propagation COVID-19; latter is main novelty paper. As a case study, we take an existing office building located Central Italy that previously system (a primary introduced during study). analysis conducted using dynamic simulation software after validation through bills; economic analyses were considering external-air rates. An optimal number changes found mitigate risk infection, finding line international literature. increase leads rise costs. These values evaluated systems operational schedules. drawbacks can made less significant by combining interventions energy-efficiency measures applied envelope.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
Journal of Building Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 94, С. 109872 - 109872
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(2), С. e1012823 - e1012823
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025
The risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission can be high in crowded clinics. We developed a spatiotemporal model airborne Mtb based on the Wells-Riley equation. collected environmental, clinical and person-tracking data South African clinic during COVID-19, when community or surgical masks were compulsory ventilation was increased. matched person movements with records to identify location infectious TB patients. modeled concentration doses (quanta) estimated individual infection. Over five days, video sensors tracked 1,438 attendees. CO 2 levels low (median 431 ppm, IQR 406 ppm–458 ppm); quanta higher morning than afternoon, highest waiting room. infection per attendee 0.05% (80%-credible interval (CrI) 0.01%–0.06%). It increased number close contacts patients time spent clinic, 1.3-fold (95%-CrI 1.2–1.4) scenarios without mask use 2.1-fold 0.9–5.0) pre-pandemic rates, emphasizing importance ventilation. Spatiotemporal modeling high-risk areas evaluate impact control measures
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 917, С. 170514 - 170514
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 108, С. 105401 - 105401
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Energy and Buildings, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 324, С. 114886 - 114886
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Architectural Science Review, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 30
Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0