Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2024
Abstract
Orchard
meadows,
a
specific
agroforestry
system
characterised
by
scattered
high-stem
fruit
trees,
are
traditional
element
of
several
cultural
landscapes
in
Central
Europe
and
provide
important
ecosystem
services.
Since
the
middle
20th
century,
orchard
meadows
have
drastically
declined
across
Europe.
Spatial
information
on
drivers
patterns
such
decline
regions
is
lacking.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
first
detailed
insights
into
development
South
Tyrol.
We
assessed
current
distribution
Tyrol
(Northern
Italy)
analysed
their
over
last
75
years.
Aerial
images
from
1950s
up
2020s
were
examined,
changes
statistically
analysed.
The
results
revealed
that
historical
meadow
area
has
decreased
more
than
6,000
ha
(−95%)
past
years,
showing
one
largest
reductions
loss
was
highest
at
lower
elevations
(–5,155
ha),
shallow
slopes
(–4,313
expositions
towards
south
(–5,035
ha).
due
agricultural
intensification
establishment
modern
orchards
(56%)
intensively
managed
grasslands
(8%),
urbanisation
(23%),
reforestation
(6%),
other
types
land
use/land
cover
(6.5%).
Only
0.5%
been
preserved.
suggest
high
risk
disappearing
Tyrolean
landscape,
resulting
genetic
diversity
many
local
or
indigenous
varieties
(especially
apples
pears).
Immediate
action
needed
safeguard
population
appropriate
management
measures
highlight
multiple
values
valuable
alternative
intensive
arable
farming.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024
The
sustainability
of
the
food
system
needs
to
be
improved,
including
shortening
supply
chains
and
promoting
consumption
regional
food.
Here,
we
explore
current
potential
for
self-sufficiency
in
European
Alpine
space
by
calculating
food/feed
energy
balance,
deriving
per
capita
land
footprint
based
on
rates,
modelling
self-sufficiency.
We
show
that
59%
560
Pcal
currently
available
study
area
comes
from
domestic
production,
almost
60%
is
used
livestock
consumption,
with
high
variability.
resulting
footprints
range
2301
2975
m
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024
Abstract
Context
Across
Alpine
landscapes,
a
combination
of
land-use
abandonment
and
climate
change
is
driving
forest
expansion
promoting
the
upward
migration
trees
on
grasslands.
Yet,
it
remains
unclear
how
rapidly
upper
forest-grassland
ecotone
will
shift
tree
species
composition
change,
both
in
terms
proportions
along
elevational
gradients.
Objectives
Our
aim
to
investigate
future
landscape
Eastern
Alps
under
potential
grassland
abandonment,
natural
disturbances
(wind
bark
beetle),
management.
Methods
We
used
model
iLand
simulate
long-term
development
different
scenarios.
coupled
outputs
with
machine
learning
algorithm
identify
changes
ecotone,
tracking
quantifying
elevation
compositional
shifts.
Results
Under
alpine
grasslands,
likely
expand
within
21st
century
regardless
warming.
This
because
current
mainly
constrained
by
land
use
rather
than
climate.
simulations
also
showed
that
shifts
be
more
pronounced
S-facing
slopes,
while
affect
stocking
at
higher
elevations.
Conclusions
outcomes
highlight
capacity
models
provide
useful
insights
dynamics
integrating
not
only
but
other
factors
such
as
results
could
information
for
designing
management
strategies
changing
mountain
valleys.
Climate Resilience and Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
3(4)
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024
Abstract
Wine
production
and
quality
both
strongly
depend
on
suitable
climatic
conditions.
Increasing
the
climate
resilience
of
wine
regions
is
therefore
critical
importance
but
requires
instruments
to
evaluate
shifts
in
conditions
growing
suitability.
This
evaluation
particularly
challenging
mountain
viticultural
areas
due
their
complex
topoclimatic
patterns,
yet
they
offer
possibility
analyze
change
impacts
adaptation
strategies
across
various
cultivated
varieties.
Here,
we
assessed
historical
future
bioclimatic
identified
effective
toward
more
sustainable
climate‐resilient
winegrowing
within
South
Tyrol
Italian
Alps.
We
found
significant
changes
under
scenarios,
such
as
an
increase
Huglin
index
(HI)
cool
night
(CNI)
well
a
decreased
dryness
(DI),
causing
expansion
for
viticulture
spread
unprecedented
traditional
vineyards.
Impacts
options
varied
depending
type
grape
variety,
highlighting
need
targeted
solutions
that
balance
high‐quality
with
environmental
protection
sustainability.
Higher
elevated
over
1000
m
a.s.l.
will
experience
increased
suitability
raising
restrictions
regarding
vineyards
avoid
degradation
natural
ecosystems
biodiversity
declines.
In
contrast,
many
implement
combination
short‐
long‐term
measures
maintain
styles.
Our
findings
provide
framework
assessment
formulation
appropriate
cultivation
grapes
changing
applies
variety
climates
IntechOpen eBooks,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
In
this
comprehensive
chapter,
we
focus
on
the
case
study
of
a
typical
mountain
meadow
ecosystem
within
Wugong
Mountain;
and
provide
imperative
aspects
protection,
development,
restoration
such
ecosystems.
Firstly,
importance
protecting
ecosystems
was
introduced.
Mountain
are
an
important
component
global
life
support
systems
crucial
to
ecosystem.
Secondly,
various
challenges
faced
by
ecosystems,
including
environmental
degradation
disaster
risks,
were
discussed,
special
measures
also
needed
adapt
mitigate
climate
change.
Subsequently,
review
conducted
research
protection
vegetation
biodiversity
relationship
between
soil
plant
growth.
addition,
determining
goals,
conducting
investigations
conditions,
planting
methods.
Finally,
explored
carrying
capacity
in
process
sustainable
limiting
development
developing
tourism.
summary,
have
systematically
summarized
providing
reference
inspiration
for
relevant
research.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2024
Abstract
Orchard
meadows,
a
specific
agroforestry
system
characterised
by
scattered
high-stem
fruit
trees,
are
traditional
element
of
several
cultural
landscapes
in
Central
Europe
and
provide
important
ecosystem
services.
Since
the
middle
20th
century,
orchard
meadows
have
drastically
declined
across
Europe.
Spatial
information
on
drivers
patterns
such
decline
regions
is
lacking.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
first
detailed
insights
into
development
South
Tyrol.
We
assessed
current
distribution
Tyrol
(Northern
Italy)
analysed
their
over
last
75
years.
Aerial
images
from
1950s
up
2020s
were
examined,
changes
statistically
analysed.
The
results
revealed
that
historical
meadow
area
has
decreased
more
than
6,000
ha
(−95%)
past
years,
showing
one
largest
reductions
loss
was
highest
at
lower
elevations
(–5,155
ha),
shallow
slopes
(–4,313
expositions
towards
south
(–5,035
ha).
due
agricultural
intensification
establishment
modern
orchards
(56%)
intensively
managed
grasslands
(8%),
urbanisation
(23%),
reforestation
(6%),
other
types
land
use/land
cover
(6.5%).
Only
0.5%
been
preserved.
suggest
high
risk
disappearing
Tyrolean
landscape,
resulting
genetic
diversity
many
local
or
indigenous
varieties
(especially
apples
pears).
Immediate
action
needed
safeguard
population
appropriate
management
measures
highlight
multiple
values
valuable
alternative
intensive
arable
farming.
