Fractal Dimension-Based Methodology for Discriminating Original Paintings from Replicas

Symmetry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 703 - 703

Опубликована: Май 4, 2025

Discriminating between original paintings and replicas is a challenging task. In recent years, the fractal dimension (FD) has been used as quantitative measure of self-similarity to analyze differences paintings. However, while FD parameter proven effective, previous studies often did not utilize all available image information, typically requiring binarization or grayscale analysis manual selection painting regions. This study introduces novel, color-FD-based method for differentiating from replicas. Our approach employs sliding window combined with color-FD computation techniques. To assess effectiveness our methodology, we two public datasets where originals were produced by same artist under identical conditions, ensuring maximum similarity. Statistical comparisons performed using nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. identified significant replica 18 out 19 pairs across both datasets, outperforming datasets. As expected, discriminates more effectively different artists (hit rate 96.6%) than 91.7%). These findings indicate that combining color images promising tool forgery detection.

Язык: Английский

Hormonal regulation and expression dynamics of Bmp4 in the reproductive cycle of Pampus argenteus

Journal of Fish Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

Abstract As a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, Bmp4 plays crucial role in formation, early developmental stage and regulation gonadal development. This study aims to investigate expression patterns potential functions Pampus argenteus during its reproductive cycle. A systematic evolutionary analysis was performed, quantified localized using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting immunohistochemistry. Additionally, effects various hormones on hormone‐related genes were analysed vitro cultured testes, ovaries oocytes. The results revealed that is evolutionarily conserved broadly expressed across tissues. Notably, significantly increased at 4 13 days post‐hatching (dph), with no significant differences observed other stages. identified specific target band Stage III ovaries, immunohistochemistry oogonia, oocytes spermatogonia. In hormonal treatments demonstrated oestradiol (E2) upregulated bmp4 both testes levels being notably higher ovaries. immature vitellogenic vitro, sex hormone did not affect , lhr fshr lhβ . However, under LH + hCG treatment (50 ng/mL 5 IU/mL), fshβ upregulated. summary, our findings reveal serves as pivotal factor development gonads germ cells P. within ovary likely regulated by E2. During early‐stage ovary, E2 may jointly promote differentiation cells. offers valuable theoretical foundation for addressing challenges breeding process.

Язык: Английский