Lung microbiome: new insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

The lungs were long thought to be sterile until technical advances uncovered the presence of lung microbial community. microbiome healthy is mainly derived from upper respiratory tract (URT) but also has its own characteristic flora. selection mechanisms in lung, including clearance by coughing, pulmonary macrophages, oscillation cilia, and bacterial inhibition alveolar surfactant, keep transient mobile, which different other organs. bacteriome been intensively studied recently, relatively little research focused on mycobiome virome. This up-to-date review retrospectively summarizes microbiome's history, composition, function. We focus interaction with oropharynx gut emphasize role it plays innate adaptive immune responses. More importantly, we multiple diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive disease (COPD), fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia. impact coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cancer comprehensively studied. Furthermore, summarizing therapeutic potential diseases examining shortcomings field, propose an outlook direction research.

Язык: Английский

---

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic targets to overcome tumor immune evasion

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

Abstract Paradoxically, tumor development and progression can be inhibited promoted by the immune system. After three stages of editing, namely, elimination, homeostasis escape, cells are no longer restricted surveillance thus develop into clinical tumors. The mechanisms escape include abnormalities in antitumor-associated cells, selection for resistance to impaired transport T formation an immunosuppressive microenvironment. A population distinct immature myeloid myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSCs), mediate primarily exerting effects participating constitution microtumor environment. Clinical trials have found that levels MDSCs peripheral blood cancer patients strongly correlated with stage, metastasis prognosis. Moreover, animal experiments confirmed elimination inhibits growth some extent. Therefore, may become target immunotherapy many cancers, eliminating help improve response rate treatment patient survival. However, a clear definition specific mechanism involved lacking. In this paper, we review role different contexts. addition, discuss use these as targets immunotherapy. This not only contributes systematic comprehensive understanding essential system reactions against tumors but also provides information guide therapies targeting MDSCs.

Язык: Английский

---

Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy

Cancer Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(3), С. 297 - 360

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2024

Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 ( TP53 ), crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes cellular phenotypes response to various stressors. The affected are involved diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies continued reveal novel unexpected functions governing the fate tumors, for example, ferroptosis, immunity, microenvironment microbiome metabolism. Among possibilities, evolutionary plasticity most controversial, partially due dizzying array biological that been attributed different regulatory mechanisms signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this remains somewhat enigmatic. intricate regulating during treatment only tip iceberg respect equally complicated structural biology, which has painstakingly revealed. Additionally, mutation one significant genetic alterations cancer, contributing rapid growth progression. Here, we summarized advances implicate altered modulating therapies, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy. Furthermore, also discussed potential strategies targeting therapeutic option cancer.

Язык: Английский

---

Robustness of cancer microbiome signals over a broad range of methodological variation

Oncogene, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(15), С. 1127 - 1148

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Abstract In 2020, we identified cancer-specific microbial signals in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) [1]. Multiple peer-reviewed papers independently verified or extended our findings [2–12]. Given this impact, carefully considered concerns by Gihawi et al. [13] that batch correction and database contamination with host sequences artificially created the appearance of cancer type-specific microbiomes. (1) We tested comparing raw Voom-SNM-corrected data per-batch, finding predictive equivalence significantly similar features. found consistent results a modern microbiome-specific method (ConQuR [14]), when restricting to taxa an independent, highly-decontaminated cohort. (2) Using Conterminator [15], low levels human original databases (~1% genomes). demonstrated increased detection reads was due using newer genome reference. (3) developed Exhaustive, twice as sensitive Conterminator, clean RefSeq. comprehensively host-deplete TCGA many (pan)genome references. repeated all analyses pipeline, These extensive re-analyses updated methods validate conclusion signatures exist TCGA, show they are robust methodology.

Язык: Английский

---

A new era of cancer immunotherapy: combining revolutionary technologies for enhanced CAR-M therapy

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Abstract Significant advancements have been made in the application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T treatment for blood cancers during previous ten years. However, its effectiveness treating solid tumors is still lacking, necessitating exploration alternative immunotherapies that can overcome significant challenges faced by current CAR-T cells. CAR-based immunotherapy against shows promise with emergence macrophages, which possess robust phagocytic abilities, antigen-presenting functions, and ability to modify tumor microenvironment stimulate adaptive responses. This paper presents a thorough examination latest progress CAR-M therapy, covering both basic scientific studies clinical trials. study examines primary obstacles hindering realization complete potential as well strategies be employed these hurdles. With revolutionary technologies like situ genetic modification, synthetic biology techniques, biomaterial-supported gene transfer, provide wider array resources manipulating tumor-associated we suggest combining advanced methods will result creation new era therapy demonstrates improved efficacy, safety, availability. Graphical

Язык: Английский

---

Broadening oncological boundaries: the intratumoral microbiota

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(8), С. 807 - 822

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2024

The microbiota of solid tumors was identified >100 years ago; however, heterogeneous composition and diversity have been revealed only recently. Growing evidence has suggested that several functional mechanisms the intratumoral affect tumorigenesis progression, suggesting is a promising biomarker for multiple cancers. low biomass poses major challenge to related research, thus necessitating use multiple-modality integrated framework resolve this dilemma. Advanced techniques such as single-cell sequencing provide significant clues, gradual optimization experiments culture-based methods enables deeper investigation underlying involved. In review, we outline current state research on describe challenges comprehensive strategies future research.

Язык: Английский

---

Breast cancer: pathogenesis and treatments

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Abstract Breast cancer, characterized by unique epidemiological patterns and significant heterogeneity, remains one of the leading causes malignancy-related deaths in women. The increasingly nuanced molecular subtypes breast cancer have enhanced comprehension precision treatment this disease. mechanisms tumorigenesis progression been central to scientific research, with investigations spanning various perspectives such as tumor stemness, intra-tumoral microbiota, circadian rhythms. Technological advancements, particularly those integrated artificial intelligence, significantly improved accuracy detection diagnosis. emergence novel therapeutic concepts drugs represents a paradigm shift towards personalized medicine. Evidence suggests that optimal diagnosis models tailored individual patient risk expected are crucial, supporting era oncology for cancer. Despite rapid advancements increasing emphasis on clinical comprehensive update summary panoramic knowledge related disease needed. In review, we provide thorough overview global status including its epidemiology, factors, pathophysiology, subtyping. Additionally, elaborate latest research into contributing progression, emerging strategies, long-term management. This review offers valuable insights Cancer Research, thereby facilitating future progress both basic application.

Язык: Английский

---

Fungi, immunosenescence and cancer

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 109, С. 67 - 82

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

The mycobiome in human cancer: analytical challenges, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The polymorphic microbiome is considered a new hallmark of cancer. Advances in High-Throughput Sequencing have fostered rapid developments research. interaction between cancer cells, immune and microbiota defined as the immuno-oncology (IOM) axis. Fungal microbes (the mycobiome), although representing only ∼ 0.1-1% microbiome, are critical immunologically active component tumor microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests possible involvement commensal pathogenic fungi initiation, progression, treatment responsiveness. tumor-associated mycobiome mainly consists gut mycobiome, oral intratumoral mycobiome. However, role remains poorly understood, diversity complexity analytical methods make it challenging to access this field. This review aims elucidate causal complicit roles development progression while highlighting issues that need be addressed executing such We systematically summarize advantages limitations current fungal detection analysis methods. enumerate integrate these recent findings into our understanding accompanied by prospect novel exhilarating clinical implications.

Язык: Английский

---

Gut–X axis

iMeta, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract Recent advances in understanding the modulatory functions of gut and microbiota on human diseases facilitated our focused attention contribution to pathophysiological alterations many extraintestinal organs, including liver, heart, brain, lungs, kidneys, bone, skin, reproductive, endocrine systems. In this review, we applied “gut–X axis” concept describe linkages between other organs discussed latest findings related axis,” underlying mechanisms potential clinical intervention strategies.

Язык: Английский

---