Abstract
Atomic
layer
etching
(ALE)
using
the
environmentally
friendly
electronic
gas
fluoromethane
(CH
3
F)
is
guided
for
fabricating
nanoscale
components.
The
adsorptive
purification
of
CH
F
provide
a
viable
direction
to
remove
trace
amounts
impurities
produce
highly
pure
(>99.9999%)
ALE
process.
Herein,
propane
(~100
ppm)
in
F,
we
report
synergetic
thermodynamic
and
kinetic
separation
C
H
8
/CH
over
glucose‐derived
carbon
molecular
sieve
CMS‐T,
(T
as
pyrolysis
temperature).
With
pore
size
slightly
larger
than
diameter
,
CMS‐600
allows
both
strong
confined
adsorption
higher
diffusion
rate
resulting
remarkable
factor
51.1.
Breakthrough
experiment
demonstrates
high
dynamic
production
capacity
457
L
kg
−1
7
N
(<100
ppb
)
with
excellent
cycling
stability.
Adsorption
provides
feasible
approach
industrial
hyperpurification
gas.
Journal of Environmental Management,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
365, С. 121637 - 121637
Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024
The
pH
of
sewage
sludge
is
a
crucial
factor
during
the
hydrothermal
carbonization
process
that
influences
characteristics
resulting
products
and
migration
certain
compounds
from
solid
to
liquid
phase.
Accordingly,
this
work
focused
on
examining
impact
HTC
process,
in
particular,
equals
2,
3,
4,
5
6
individual
hydrothermally
carbonized
generated
at
200
°C
2
h
residence
time.
For
reason,
chemical
physical
indicators
describing
post-processing
hydrochar
were
determined.
instance,
it
was
observed
phosphorus
content
detected
liquid,
derived
pH2,
rose
significantly
by
80%.
Furthermore,
decreasing
had
significant
ash
calorific
value
hydrochar.
Additionally,
changes
specific
surface
area
noticed:
=
showed
an
increase
20–30%,
while
for
lower
values
decrease
c.a.
26%
achieved.
distribution
heavy
metals
between
obtained
fractions
(solid
liquid)
indicated
92
almost
100%
tested
transferred
A
effect
these
only
Zn
Ni.
Ni
34%
29%,
respectively.
In
addition,
sequential
extraction
also
performed
order
identify
mobile
non-mobile
phases.
It
noticed
acidic
environment
favours
higher
amount
largest
Cd,
Pb,
Cr
Cu,
which,
their
respective
amounts
fraction
2.7;
3.6;
1.8;
6.2
times
higher,
compared
without
correction.
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(2), С. 247 - 247
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024
Hydrothermal
carbonization
(HTC)
is
a
proven
cost-effective
and
energy-efficient
method
for
waste
management
value-added
product
recovery.
There
are,
however,
several
issues
that
require
further
improvement
or
research.
Identifying
the
strengths
weaknesses
of
HTC
in
comparison
to
traditional
pyrolysis
crucial
scientists
choose
between
them
use
both
(complementary)
achieve
specific
properties.
Additionally,
sharing
information
on
diverse
modeling
approaches
scales
enhance
robustness
universality
process
models.
In
addition,
study
applicability
hydrochars
target
applications
such
as
soil
amendment
give
back
nutrients
soils
face
dependence
finite
feedstocks
this
field.
Also,
proper
by-products,
especially
water,
must
be
addressed
improve
carbon
hydric
footprint
process.
Reviewing
suitability
treat
challenging
wastes,
whose
strength
not
related
their
calorific
value
but
nutrient
composition
(i.e.,
manures),
also
an
appealing
topic
This
paper
aims
tackle
above-mentioned
through
updated
review
discussion
research
gaps
investigation.
Waste Management,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
159, С. 75 - 83
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023
In
this
study,
hydrochar
(HC),
a
carbon-rich
product
originated
from
hydrothermal
conversion
treatment
(HTC),
was
obtained
wastes
of
the
wine
and
dairy
industries.
The
effect
mixing
secondary
char
compost
tested,
before
after
aerobic
(COM)
HC
at
increasing
doses
(from
15
to
75
Mg
ha-1
DM),
in
an
effort
lower
phytotoxicity
due
potential
phytotoxic
compounds
char.
results
indicated
that,
stabilization,
mix
HC/COM
able
double
plant
growth
comparison
COM
alone.
presence
easily
degradable
organic
probably
led
poor
stability
HC,
increased
microbial
activity
and,
consequently,
root
anoxia
when
used
high
doses.
Chemical,
spectroscopic
thermal
investigation
confirmed
hypothesis.
particular,
shows
content
dissolved
matter,
characterized
by
small
molecules,
which
is
negatively
correlated
with
index
lettuce.
Furthermore,
characterization
suggests
higher
proportion
less
complex
thermally
stable
molecular
COM.
Therefore,
co-composting
allows
obtaining
useful
amendment
support
soil
matter
fertility.
Bioresource Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
388, С. 129724 - 129724
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2023
Several
limitations
hinder
the
industrial-scale
implementation
of
hydrothermal
carbonization
(HTC)
biomass,
especially
quality
as-carbonized
hydrochar.
This
work
investigates
solvent
extraction
hydrochars
to
enhance
their
potential
applications.
Hydrochars
were
produced
at
several
HTC
temperatures
(190,
220,
250
°C)
from
cellulose
and
extracted
using
combinations
green
polar
solvents
(ethyl
acetate,
acetone,
methanol).
Results
show
that
composition
extractable
fraction
resembles
liquor,
rich
in
carboxylic
acids
furan
derivatives,
while
non-extractable
solid
phase
shows
improved
thermal
profiles
devoid
highly
volatile
compounds.
Carbon
microspheres
(non-dissolvable
secondary
char)
are
unaffected
by
extraction.
The
organics
adsorbed
on
hydrochar
surface
comprise
species
washing
effectively
removes
them.
Bioresource Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
386, С. 129567 - 129567
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023
Microalgae,
originating
from
a
tertiary
treatment
of
municipal
wastewater,
is
considered
sustainable
feedstock
for
producing
biochar
and
hydrochar,
offering
great
potential
agricultural
use
due
to
nutrient
content
carbon
storage
ability.
However,
there
are
risks
related
contamination
these
need
be
carefully
assessed
ensure
safe
material
wastewater
microalgae.
Therefore,
this
study
compared
the
properties
phototoxicity
hydrochar
produced
via
pyrolysis
hydrothermal
carbonisation
(HTC)
microalgae
under
different
temperatures
residence
times.
While
promoted
germination
seedling
growth
by
up
11.0%
70.0%,
respectively,
raw
showed
strong
phytotoxicity,
high
volatile
matter.
Two
post-treatments,
dichloromethane
(DCM)
washing
further
pyrolysis,
proved
effective
methods
mitigating
phytotoxicity
hydrochar.
Additionally,
had
35.8-38.6%
fixed
carbon,
resulting
in
higher
sequestration
Fuel,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
361, С. 130692 - 130692
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023
In
this
work,
reactive
molecular
dynamics
simulations
using
the
ReaxFF
force
field
were
performed
to
investigate
hydrothermal
carbonization
(HTC)
process
of
sewage
sludge.
The
focus
was
on
reaction
mechanism,
effect
water
content
and
temperature
formation
different
products.
results
showed
that
most
important
factor
controlling
HTC
process,
with
higher
temperatures
leading
more
rapid
reactions
lower
H/C
O/C
ratios
in
hydrochar
product.
estimated
activation
energy
range
126–169
kJ/mol,
depending
content.
hydochar
product
obtained
from
simulation
excellent
agreement
experimental
data.
Overall,
work
provides
valuable
new
insights
into
mechanism
key
factors
influencing
