Dynamic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome by Bacteriophages in a Mouse Model

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(6), С. 803 - 814.e5

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2019

Highlights•Phages can coexist over time with targeted gut bacteria•Phages induce cascading effects on microbiota species that are not directly targeted•Phage-induced bacterial modulation impacts the metabolome•Phages modulate metabolites, which known to affect mammalian hostSummaryThe human microbiome is comprised of densely colonizing microorganisms including bacteriophages, in dynamic interaction each other and host. To address how bacteriophages impact communities gut, we investigated phages a model microbiome. Gnotobiotic mice were colonized defined commensal bacteria subjected predation by cognate lytic phages. We found phage only susceptible but also leads via interbacterial interactions. Metabolomic profiling revealed shifts caused have direct consequence metabolome. Our work provides insight into ecological importance as modulators colonization, it additionally suggests potential host implications for their therapeutic use precisely microbiome.Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Establishing or Exaggerating Causality for the Gut Microbiome: Lessons from Human Microbiota-Associated Rodents

Cell, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 180(2), С. 221 - 232

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Role of Dietary Nutrients in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(2), С. 381 - 381

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020

Understanding how dietary nutrients modulate the gut microbiome is of great interest for development food products and eating patterns combatting global burden non-communicable diseases. In this narrative review we assess scientific studies published from 2005 to 2019 that evaluated effect micro- macro-nutrients on composition using in vitro vivo models, human clinical trials. The evidence micronutrients less clear generally lacking. However, preclinical suggests red wine- tea-derived polyphenols vitamin D can potentially beneficial bacteria. Current research shows consistent fibers, including arabinoxylans, galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin, oligofructose, promote a range bacteria suppress detrimental species. both quantity type fat microbes, as well Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio gut. Clinical suggest amount proteins diet has substantial differential effects microbiota. Further investigation macronutrients metabolome warranted, along with understanding influences host health.

Язык: Английский

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The evolving metabolic landscape of chromatin biology and epigenetics

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(12), С. 737 - 753

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Diversity within species: interpreting strains in microbiomes

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(9), С. 491 - 506

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 57(12), С. 5026 - 5043

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2020

Understanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over past decade. The broadening term "microbiota-gut-brain axis" from "gut-brain underscores a bidirectional communication system between and brain. microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, immune pathways which are crucial for maintenance brain homeostasis. Alterations in composition microbiota associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although causal relationship dysbiosis neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD). Illustration mechanisms underlying regulation by pave way developing novel therapeutic strategies AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview their dysregulation Novel insights into modification as preventive or approach AD highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1633 - 1633

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2019

Human gut microbiota is able to influence the host physiology by regulating multiple processes, including nutrient absorption, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune function, and anabolic balance. Aging associated with reduced biodiversity, increased inter-individual variability, over-representation of pathobionts, these phenomena may have great relevance for skeletal muscle mass function. For this reason, presence a gut-muscle axis onset progression age-related physical frailty sarcopenia has been recently hypothesized. In narrative review, we summarize studies supporting possible association between microbiota-related parameters measures mass, performance in animal models humans. Reduced distinct composition fermentative capacity mice, administration probiotics or butyrate mouse wasting improved mass. However, no targeted human microbiome sarcopenia. Limited evidence from shows an composition, involving key taxa such as Faecalibacterium Bifidobacterium, grip strength. Similarly, few conducted on patients parkinsonism showed trend towards different those gait speed. No assessed fecal other performance. several studies, mainly cross-sectional design, suggest frailty, mostly according deficit accumulation model. Namely, was lower representation butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, conclude that causal link fitness still uncertain due lack large number covariates, diet, exercise, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, both function older age. relationship remains very promising area research future.

Язык: Английский

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Metagenome-wide association of gut microbiome features for schizophrenia

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2020

Abstract Evidence is mounting that the gut-brain axis plays an important role in mental diseases fueling mechanistic investigations to provide a basis for future targeted interventions. However, shotgun metagenomic data from treatment-naïve patients are scarce hampering comprehensive analyses of complex interaction between gut microbiota and brain. Here we explore fecal microbiome based on 90 medication-free schizophrenia 81 controls identify microbial species classifier distinguishing with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.896, replicate microbiome-based disease 45 (AUC = 0.765). Functional potentials associated include differences short-chain fatty acids synthesis, tryptophan metabolism, synthesis/degradation neurotransmitters. Transplantation schizophrenia-enriched bacterium, Streptococcus vestibularis , appear induces deficits social behaviors, alters neurotransmitter levels peripheral tissues recipient mice. Our findings new leads further cohort studies animal models.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome and colorectal cancer: Roles in carcinogenesis and clinical potential

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 69, С. 93 - 106

Опубликована: Май 24, 2019

The gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbiota associated with humans. In recent years, there has been a surge interest in assessing relationships between gut and several alterations, including colorectal cancer. Changes patients suffering cancer suggest possible role host-microbe interactions origin development this malignancy and, at same time, open door for novel ways preventing, diagnosing, or treating disease. review we survey current knowledge on healthy microbiome how it is altered other related disease conditions. describing past studies will critically assess technical limitations different approaches point to existing challenges research. We have special focus host-microbiome interaction mechanisms that may be important explain dysbiosis can lead chronic inflammation drive processes influence carcinogenesis tumor progression colon Finally, discuss potential developments microbiota-based therapeutics diagnostic tools

Язык: Английский

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Pain regulation by gut microbiota: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

British Journal of Anaesthesia, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 123(5), С. 637 - 654

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2019

The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain, has received increasing attention. microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral whereas recent evidence suggests that may also play critical role in many other types inflammatory headache, neuropathic opioid tolerance. We present narrative review the current understanding on pain regulation discuss possibility targeting for management pain. Numerous signalling molecules derived from microbiota, such as by-products metabolites, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, act their receptors remarkably regulate peripheral central sensitisation, which turn mediate development Gut microbiota-derived mediators serve modulators induction directly or indirectly regulating excitability primary nociceptive neurones. In nervous system, neuroinflammation, involves activation cells blood-brain barrier, microglia, infiltrating immune cells, to modulate maintenance sensitisation. Thus, we propose regulates by diet pharmabiotic intervention represent new therapeutic strategy

Язык: Английский

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