Plant NLR diversity: the known unknowns of pan-NLRomes

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(4), С. 814 - 831

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Plants and pathogens constantly adapt to each other. As a consequence, many members of the plant immune system, especially intracellular nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat receptors, also known as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), are highly diversified, both among family in same genome, between individuals species. While this diversity has long been appreciated, its true extent remained unknown. With pan-genome pan-NLRome studies becoming more comprehensive, our knowledge NLR sequence is growing rapidly, pan-NLRomes provide powerful platforms for assigning function NLRs. These efforts an important step toward goal comprehensively predicting from alone whether provides disease resistance, if so, which pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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Origins and Immunity Networking Functions of EDS1 Family Proteins

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 58(1), С. 253 - 276

Опубликована: Май 12, 2020

The EDS1 family of structurally unique lipase-like proteins EDS1, SAG101, and PAD4 evolved in seed plants, on top existing phytohormone nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) networks, to regulate immunity pathways against host-adapted biotrophic pathogens. Exclusive heterodimers between SAG101 or create essential surfaces for resistance signaling. Phylogenomic information, together with functional studies Arabidopsis tobacco, identify a coevolved module the EDS1-SAG101 heterodimer coiled-coil (CC) HET-S LOP-B (CCHELO) domain helper NLRs that is recruited by intracellular Toll-interleukin1-receptor (TIR) NLR receptors confer host cell death pathogen immunity. EDS1-PAD4 have different broader activity basal transcriptionally reinforces local systemic defenses triggered various NLRs. Here, we consider protein functions across plant lineages context networking receptor downstream machineries. modes action pathway connectivities members go some way explaining their central role biotic stress resilience.

Язык: Английский

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NOD-like receptor-mediated plant immunity: from structure to cell death

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(5), С. 305 - 318

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of Plant NLRs: From Natural History to Precise Modifications

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 71(1), С. 355 - 378

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2020

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) monitor the plant intracellular environment for signs of pathogen infection. Several mechanisms NLR-mediated immunity arose independently across multiple species. These include functional specialization NLRs into sensors and helpers, independent emergence direct indirect recognition within NLR subfamilies, regulation by small RNAs, formation networks. Understanding evolutionary history can shed light on both origin common constraints immune system. Attempts to engineer disease resistance have been sparse rarely informed knowledge. In this review, we discuss evolution NLRs, give an overview previous engineering attempts, propose how use knowledge advance future research in generation novel disease-recognition capabilities.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic and environmental modulation of transposition shapes the evolutionary potential of Arabidopsis thaliana

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Май 6, 2021

How species can adapt to abrupt environmental changes, particularly in the absence of standing genetic variation, is poorly understood and a pressing question face ongoing climate change. Here we leverage publicly available multi-omic bio-climatic data for more than 1000 wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions determine rate transposable element (TE) mobilization its potential create adaptive variation natural settings.We demonstrate that TE insertions arise at almost same as base substitutions. Mobilization activity individual families varies greatly between accessions, association with factors well through complex gene-environment interactions. Although distribution across genome ultimately shaped by purifying selection, reflecting their typically strong deleterious effects when located near or within genes, numerous recent TE-containing alleles show signatures positive selection. Moreover, high rates transposition appear positively selected edge species' ecological niche. Based on these findings, predict mathematical modeling higher Mediterranean regions next decades response global warming, which turn should accelerate creation large-effect alleles.Our study reveals major generator A. finely modulated factors. These findings indicate TEs may be essential genomic players demise rescue native populations times crises.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular tug-of-war: Plant immune recognition of herbivory

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(5), С. 1497 - 1513

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Abstract Plant defense responses against insect herbivores are induced through wound-induced signaling and the specific perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). In addition, can deliver effectors that suppress plant immunity. Here we review immune recognition HAMPs effectors, argue these initial interactions upon a plant–herbivore encounter mediate structure effective resistance. While number distinct from both chewing piercing–sucking has expanded rapidly with omics-enabled approaches, paired receptors targets in host still not well characterized. Herbivore-derived may also be recognized as depending on species, potentially evolution novel receptor functions. We compile examples where natural variation between species inform evolutionary mechanisms interactions. Finally, discuss combined effects wounding HAMP recognition, potential hubs, which integrate sensing Understanding precise for will critical engineering resistance agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Creation and judicious application of a wheat resistance gene atlas

Molecular Plant, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(7), С. 1053 - 1070

Опубликована: Май 13, 2021

Disease-resistance (R) gene cloning in wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources, facilitated advances sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. However, with challenges population growth climate change, it is vital not only to clone functionally characterize a few handfuls R genes, but also do so at scale that would facilitate breeding deployment crops can recognize wide range pathogen effectors threaten agroecosystems. Pathogen populations are continually changing, breeders must have tools resources available rapidly respond those changes if we safeguard our daily bread. To meet this challenge, propose creation R-gene atlas an international community researchers breeders. The consist online directory from which sources resistance could be identified deployed achieve more durable major pathogens, such as rusts, blotch diseases, powdery mildew, blast. We present costed proposal detailing how interacting molecular components governing disease captured both host through biparental mapping, mutational genomics, whole-genome association genetics. explore options for configuration genotyping diversity panels hexaploid tetraploid wheat, well their wild relatives discuss inform dynamic, approach deployment. Set against current magnitude yield losses worldwide, recently estimated 21%, endeavor presents one route bringing genes lab field considerable speed quantity.

Язык: Английский

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Shared TIR enzymatic functions regulate cell death and immunity across the tree of life

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6605)

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022

In the 20th century, researchers studying animal and plant signaling pathways discovered a protein domain that is shared across diverse innate immune systems: Toll/interleukin-1/resistance gene (TIR) domain. The TIR found in several architectures was defined as an adaptor mediates protein-protein interactions immunity developmental pathways. However, studies of nerve degeneration animals-and subsequent breakthroughs plant, bacterial, archaeal systems-revealed domains possess enzymatic activities. We provide synthesis functions role various related products evolutionarily systems. These may ultimately guide interventions would span tree life, from treating human neurodegenerative disorders bacterial infections to preventing diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(9), С. 2095 - 2116

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance specific isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence focus on model plants genetics genomics research, has provided rich resources molecular biological exploration last 50 years. These studies led identification of extracellular intracellular receptors that convert recognition microbe-encoded patterns or pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. receptor systems, downstream responses, define plant immune systems have evolved since migration land ∼500 million Our current understanding provides platform development rational enhancement control many continue plague crop production.

Язык: Английский

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Genome sequences of three Aegilops species of the section Sitopsis reveal phylogenetic relationships and provide resources for wheat improvement

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(1), С. 179 - 192

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2022

SUMMARY Aegilops is a close relative of wheat ( Triticum spp.), and species in the section Sitopsis represent rich reservoir genetic diversity for improvement wheat. To understand their advance utilization, we produced whole‐genome assemblies longissima speltoides . Whole‐genome comparative analysis, along with recently sequenced sharonensis genome, showed that Ae. genomes are highly similar most closely related to D subgenome. By contrast, genome more B Haplotype block analysis supported idea closest subgenome, highlighted variable genomic regions between three Genome‐wide nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat NLR ) genes revealed species‐specific lineage‐specific variants, demonstrating potential improvement.

Язык: Английский

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