Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
73, С. 102526 - 102526
Опубликована: Март 25, 2022
While
aggression
is
often
conceptualized
as
a
highly
stereotyped,
innate
behavior,
individuals
within
species
exhibit
surprising
amount
of
variability
in
the
frequency,
intensity,
and
targets
their
aggression.
differences
genetics
are
source
some
this
variation
across
(estimates
place
heritability
behavior
at
around
25-30%),
critical
driver
previous
life
experience.
A
wide
variety
social
experiences,
including
sexual,
parental,
housing
experiences
can
facilitate
"persistent"
aggressive
states,
suggesting
that
these
engage
common
set
synaptic
molecular
mechanisms
act
on
dedicated
neural
circuits
for
It
has
long
been
known
sex
steroid
hormones
powerful
modulators
also,
levels
themselves
modulated
by
Several
recent
studies
have
started
to
unravel
how
experience-dependent
hormonal
changes
during
adulthood
create
cascade
molecular,
synaptic,
circuit
enable
behavioral
persistence
through
level
remodeling.
Here,
we
propose
persistent
states
changing
relationship
between
activity
an
"threshold".
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
46(1), С. 211 - 231
Опубликована: Март 14, 2023
Emotions
are
fundamental
to
our
experience
and
behavior,
affecting
motivating
all
aspects
of
lives.
Scientists
various
disciplines
have
been
fascinated
by
emotions
for
centuries,
yet
even
today
vigorous
debates
abound
about
how
define
best
study
their
neural
underpinnings.
Defining
from
an
evolutionary
perspective
acknowledging
important
functional
roles
in
supporting
survival
allows
the
emotion
states
diverse
species.
This
approach
enables
taking
advantage
modern
tools
behavioral,
systems,
circuit
neurosciences,
allowing
precise
dissection
mechanisms
behavior
underlying
processes
model
organisms.
Here
we
review
findings
processing
across
species
try
identify
points
convergence
as
well
next
steps
pursuit
understanding
emerge
activity.
Whereas
humans
exhibit
emergency
responses
to
assist
unconscious
individuals,
how
nonhuman
animals
react
unresponsive
conspecifics
is
less
well
understood.
We
report
that
mice
stereotypic
behaviors
toward
or
dead
social
partners,
which
escalate
from
sniffing
and
grooming
more
forceful
actions
such
as
mouth
tongue
biting
pulling.
The
latter
intense
actions,
prominent
in
familiar
pairs,
begin
after
prolonged
immobility
unresponsiveness
cease
when
the
partner
regains
activity.
Their
consequences,
including
improved
airway
opening
clearance
accelerated
recovery
unconsciousness,
suggest
rescue-like
efforts.
Oxytocin
neurons
hypothalamic
paraventricular
nucleus
respond
differentially
presence
of
versus
active
their
activation,
along
with
oxytocin
signaling,
required
for
reviving-like
actions.
This
tendency
members
may
enhance
group
cohesion
survival
species.
Abstract
Social
grouping
increases
survival
in
many
species,
including
humans
1,2
.
By
contrast,
social
isolation
generates
an
aversive
state
(‘loneliness’)
that
motivates
seeking
and
heightens
interaction
upon
reunion
3–5
The
observed
rebound
triggered
by
suggests
a
homeostatic
process
underlying
the
control
of
need,
similar
to
physiological
drives
such
as
hunger,
thirst
or
sleep
3,6
In
this
study,
we
assessed
responses
several
mouse
strains,
among
which
FVB/NJ
mice
emerged
highly,
C57BL/6J
moderately,
sensitive
isolation.
Using
both
uncovered
two
previously
uncharacterized
neuronal
populations
hypothalamic
preoptic
nucleus
are
activated
during
either
orchestrate
behaviour
display
need
satiety,
respectively.
We
identified
direct
connectivity
between
these
with
brain
areas
associated
behaviour,
emotional
state,
reward
needs
showed
require
touch
assess
presence
others
fulfil
their
need.
These
data
show
brain-wide
neural
system
homeostasis
provide
significant
mechanistic
insights
into
nature
function
circuits
controlling
instinctive
for
understanding
healthy
diseased
states
context.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022
In
social
species
such
as
humans,
non-human
primates,
and
even
many
rodent
species,
interaction
the
maintenance
of
bonds
are
necessary
for
mental
physical
health
wellbeing.
perceived
isolation,
or
loneliness,
is
not
only
characterized
by
isolation
from
peers
loved
ones,
but
also
involves
negative
perceptions
about
interactions
connectedness
that
reinforce
feelings
anxiety.
As
a
complex
behavioral
state,
it
no
surprise
loneliness
associated
with
dysfunction
within
ventral
striatum
limbic
system
–
brain
regions
regulate
motivation
stress
responsiveness,
respectively.
Accompanying
these
neural
changes
physiological
symptoms
increased
plasma
urinary
cortisol
levels
an
increase
in
responsivity.
Although
studies
using
animal
models
perfectly
analogous
to
uniquely
human
state
on
effects
animals
have
observed
similar
corticosterone,
analog
cortisol,
display
altered
motivation,
dysregulation
mesocortical
dopamine
systems.
This
review
will
discuss
neuropsychological
components
models,
neurochemical
regulators
phenotypes
neuroanatomical
focus
corticostriatal
We
loss
unique
form
consequences
bond
disruption
stress-related
behavior
neurophysiology.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023
Abstract
Animals
tend
to
alternate
between
different
choices,
which
requires
the
ability
remember
recent
choices.
The
Y-maze
spontaneous
alternation
test
is
widely
used
in
various
animal
models
for
assessing
short-term
memory,
and
its
precise
evaluation
depends
upon
accurate
determination
of
arm
visit
sequence.
However,
an
objective
method
defining
visits
lacking
owing
uncertainty
regarding
extent
must
go
into
be
considered
visited.
Here,
we
conducted
quantitative
analyses
on
mice
behavior
while
systematically
varying
threshold
assessed
effect
acute
social
isolation
spatial
working
memory.
Our
results
revealed
that
24-h
significantly
reduced
rate
when
was
set
at
distal
part
arm.
Furthermore,
memory
recently
visited
arms
faded
away
faster
socially
isolated
mice.
other
behavioral
factors
were
comparable
those
group-housed
mice,
indicating
a
specific
impairment
findings
suggest
location
critical
our
study
provides
comprehensively
Y-maze.
