Biomaterials Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Tissue
damage
and
functional
abnormalities
in
organs
have
become
a
considerable
clinical
challenge.
Organoids
are
often
applied
as
disease
models
drug
discovery
screening.
Indeed,
several
studies
shown
that
organoids
an
important
strategy
for
achieving
tissue
repair
biofunction
reconstruction.
In
contrast
to
established
stem
cell
therapies,
high
relevance.
However,
conventional
approaches
limited
the
application
of
regenerative
medicine.
Engineered
might
capacity
overcome
these
challenges.
Bioengineering—a
multidisciplinary
field
applies
engineering
principles
biomedicine—has
bridged
gap
between
medicine
promote
human
health.
More
specifically,
bioengineering
been
accelerate
their
translation.
this
review,
beginning
with
basic
concepts
organoids,
we
describe
strategies
cultivating
engineered
discuss
multiple
modes
create
conditions
breakthroughs
organoid
research.
Subsequently,
on
reconstruction
presented.
Finally,
highlight
limitations
challenges
hindering
utilization
applications.
Future
research
will
focus
using
advanced
tools
personalized
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
45(1), С. 23 - 39
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022
Organoids
are
3D
cell
culture
systems
derived
from
human
pluripotent
stem
cells
that
contain
tissue
resident
types
and
reflect
features
of
early
organization.
Neural
organoids
a
particularly
innovative
scientific
advance
given
the
lack
accessibility
developing
brain
intractability
neurological
diseases.
have
become
an
invaluable
approach
to
model
development
not
well
reflected
in
animal
models.
also
hold
promise
for
study
atypical
cellular,
molecular,
genetic
underscore
Additionally,
may
provide
platform
testing
therapeutics
potential
source
replacement
approaches
injury
or
disease.
Despite
promising
organoids,
their
broad
utility
is
tempered
by
variety
limitations
yet
be
overcome,
including
high-fidelity
types,
limited
maturation,
physiology,
arealization,
limit
reliability
certain
applications.
Nature Reviews Genetics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(10), С. 687 - 711
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023
Our
ancestors
acquired
morphological,
cognitive
and
metabolic
modifications
that
enabled
humans
to
colonize
diverse
habitats,
develop
extraordinary
technologies
reshape
the
biosphere.
Understanding
genetic,
developmental
molecular
bases
for
these
changes
will
provide
insights
into
how
we
became
human.
Connecting
human-specific
genetic
species
differences
has
been
challenging
owing
an
abundance
of
low-effect
size
changes,
limited
descriptions
phenotypic
across
development
at
level
cell
types
lack
experimental
models.
Emerging
approaches
single-cell
sequencing,
manipulation
stem
culture
now
support
descriptive
functional
studies
in
defined
with
a
human
or
ape
background.
In
this
Review,
describe
sequencing
genomes
from
modern
archaic
hominins,
great
apes
other
primates
is
revealing
new
cellular
-
including
atlases
organoids
are
enabling
exploration
candidate
causal
factors
underlie
traits.
Cell stem cell,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
30(7), С. 938 - 949.e7
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023
Differential
speeds
in
biochemical
reactions
have
been
proposed
to
be
responsible
for
the
differences
developmental
tempo
between
mice
and
humans.
However,
underlying
mechanism
controlling
species-specific
kinetics
remains
determined.
Using
vitro
differentiation
of
pluripotent
stem
cells,
we
recapitulated
segmentation
clocks
diverse
mammalian
species
varying
body
weight
taxa:
marmoset,
rabbit,
cattle,
rhinoceros.
Together
with
mouse
human,
clock
periods
six
did
not
scale
animal
weight,
but
embryogenesis
length.
The
core
gene
HES7
displayed
clear
scaling
period.
cellular
metabolic
rates
show
an
evident
correlation.
Instead,
genes
involving
showed
expression
pattern
that
scales
Altogether,
our
cell
zoo
uncovered
general
laws
governing
tempo.
Nature Ecology & Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
7(2), С. 264 - 278
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2023
Human
de
novo
genes
can
originate
from
neutral
long
non-coding
RNA
(lncRNA)
loci
and
are
evolutionarily
significant
in
general,
yet
how
why
this
all-or-nothing
transition
to
functionality
happens
remains
unclear.
Here,
74
human/hominoid-specific
genes,
we
identified
distinctive
U1
elements
splice-related
sequences
accounting
for
nuclear
export,
differentiating
mRNAs
lncRNAs,
driving
the
origin
of
lncRNA
loci.
The
polymorphic
sites
facilitating
lncRNA-mRNA
conversion
through
regulating
export
selectively
constrained,
maintaining
a
boundary
that
differentiates
lncRNAs.
functional
new
actively
passing
it
thus
showed
mode
pre-adaptive
origin,
they
acquire
functions
along
with
achievement
their
coding
potential.
As
proof
concept,
verified
regulations
splicing
recognition
on
efficiency
one
these
ENSG00000205704,
human
neural
progenitor
cells.
Notably,
knock-out
or
over-expression
gene
embryonic
stem
cells
accelerates
delays
neuronal
maturation
cortical
organoids,
respectively.
transgenic
mice
ectopically
expressed
ENSG00000205704
enlarged
brains
expansion.
We
demonstrate
key
roles
origin.
These
newly
originated
should
reflect
novel
uniqueness
brain
development.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
187(3), С. 712 - 732.e38
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024
Human
brain
development
involves
an
orchestrated,
massive
neural
progenitor
expansion
while
a
multi-cellular
tissue
architecture
is
established.
Continuously
expanding
organoids
can
be
grown
directly
from
multiple
somatic
tissues,
yet
to
date,
solely
established
pluripotent
stem
cells.
Here,
we
show
that
healthy
human
fetal
in
vitro
self-organizes
into
(FeBOs),
phenocopying
aspects
of
vivo
cellular
heterogeneity
and
complex
organization.
FeBOs
expanded
over
long
time
periods.
FeBO
growth
requires
maintenance
integrity,
which
ensures
production
tissue-like
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
niche,
ultimately
endowing
expansion.
lines
derived
different
areas
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
including
dorsal
ventral
forebrain,
preserve
their
regional
identity
allow
probe
positional
identity.
Using
CRISPR-Cas9,
showcase
generation
syngeneic
mutant
for
study
cancer.
Taken
together,
constitute
complementary
CNS
organoid
platform.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
635(8039), С. 690 - 698
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024
Human
neural
organoids,
generated
from
pluripotent
stem
cells
in
vitro,
are
useful
tools
to
study
human
brain
development,
evolution
and
disease.
However,
it
is
unclear
which
parts
of
the
covered
by
existing
protocols,
has
been
difficult
quantitatively
assess
organoid
variation
fidelity.
Here
we
integrate
36
single-cell
transcriptomic
datasets
spanning
26
protocols
into
one
integrated
cell
atlas
totalling
more
than
1.7
million
cells1–26.
Mapping
developing
references27–30
shows
primary
types
states
that
have
estimates
similarity
between
counterparts
across
protocols.
We
provide
a
programmatic
interface
browse
query
new
datasets,
showcase
power
annotate
evaluate
Finally,
show
can
be
used
as
diverse
control
cohort
compare
models
disease,
identifying
genes
pathways
may
underlie
pathological
mechanisms
with
models.
The
will
fidelity,
characterize
perturbed
diseased
facilitate
protocol
development.
A
integrating
counterparts,
showing
potential
fidelity
