Upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Rupsha Fraser, Aurelio Orta‐Resendiz, Alexander Mazein

и другие.

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(4), С. 255 - 267

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact on viral transmission rates, thus aiding evolution, the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity rapidly declines. Immune responses in respiratory tract mucosal tissues are crucial for early control infection, can generate long-term antigen-specific protection with prompt recall responses. However, currently approved vaccines not amenable to adequate delivery, particularly upper airways, which could account high vaccine breakthrough infection rates limited duration vaccine-mediated protection. In view these drawbacks, we outline a strategy that potential enhance both efficacy durability existing vaccines, by inducing robust memory (URT) mucosa.

Язык: Английский

XBB.1.5 monovalent mRNA vaccine booster elicits robust neutralizing antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons
Qian Wang, Yicheng Guo, Anthony Bowen

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Summary COVID-19 vaccines have recently been updated with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 subvariant alone, but their immunogenicity in humans has yet to be fully evaluated and reported, particularly against emergent viruses that are rapidly expanding. We now report administration an monovalent mRNA vaccine (XBB.1.5 MV) uninfected individuals boosted serum virus-neutralization antibodies significantly not only (27.0-fold) currently dominant EG.5.1 (27.6-fold) also key like HV.1, HK.3, JD.1.1, JN.1 (13.3-to-27.4-fold). In previously infected by Omicron subvariant, neutralizing titers were highest levels (1,504-to-22,978) all viral variants tested. While immunological imprinting was still evident vaccines, it nearly as severe authorized bivalent BA.5 vaccine. Our findings strongly support official recommendation widely apply further protect public.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

43
Immune determinants of chronic sequelae after respiratory viral infection DOI Open Access
Harish Narasimhan, Yue Wu,

Nick P. Goplen

и другие.

Science Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(73)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

The acute effects of various respiratory viral infections have been well studied, with extensive characterization the clinical presentation as pathogenesis and host responses. However, over course recent COVID-19 pandemic, incidence prevalence chronic sequelae after become increasingly appreciated a serious health concern. Post-acute COVID-19, alternatively described "long COVID-19," are characterized by symptoms that persist for longer than 28 days recovery from illness. Although there exists substantial heterogeneity in nature observed sequelae, this phenomenon has also context other including influenza virus, syncytial rhinovirus, severe syndrome coronavirus, Middle Eastern coronavirus. In Review, we discuss following important human pathogens our current understanding immunological mechanisms underlying failure restoration homeostasis lung.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

40
Defending against SARS-CoV-2: The T cell perspective DOI Creative Commons
Patricia Almendro-Vázquez, Rocío Laguna‐Goya,

Estela Paz‐Artal

и другие.

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response has been proven essential for viral clearance, COVID-19 outcome and long-term memory. Impaired early cell-driven immunity leads to a severe form of the disease associated with lymphopenia, hyperinflammation imbalanced humoral response. Analyses acute SARS-CoV-2 infection have revealed that mild course is characterized by an induction specific cells within first 7 days symptoms, coordinately followed antibody production effective control infection. In contrast, patients who do not develop cellular initiate immune subsequent high levels antibodies, symptoms. Yet, delayed persistent bystander CD8+ activation also reported in hospitalized could be driver lung pathology. Literature supports maintenance appears more stable than titters. Up date, virus-specific memory detected 22 months post-symptom onset, predominant IL-2 compared IFN-γ. Furthermore, responses are conserved against emerging variants concern (VoCs) while these mostly able evade responses. This partly explained HLA polymorphism whereby epitope repertoire recognized differ among individuals, greatly decreasing likelihood escape. Current COVID-19-vaccination shown elicit Th1-driven spike-specific response, as does natural infection, which provides substantial protection death. addition, mucosal vaccination induce strong adaptive both locally systemically protect VoCs animal models. The optimization vaccine formulations including variety regions, innovative adjuvants or diverse administration routes result desirable enhanced memory, help prevent breakthrough infections. summary, increasing evidence highlights relevance monitoring only levels, correlate after and/or vaccination. Moreover, it may better identify target populations benefit most from booster doses personalize strategies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

39
Low levels of neutralizing antibodies against XBB Omicron subvariants after BA.5 infection DOI Creative Commons
H. J. Yang, Weiqi Hong, Lei Hong

и другие.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023

Abstract The COVID-19 response strategies in Chinese mainland were recently adjusted due to the reduced pathogenicity and enhanced infectivity of Omicron subvariants. In Chengdu, China, an infection wave was predominantly induced by BA.5 subvariant. It is crucial determine whether hybrid anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity following infection, coupled with a variety immune background, sufficient shape responses against newly emerged subvariants, especially for XBB lineages. To investigate this, we collected serum nasal swab samples from 108 participants who had been infected this wave, evaluated neutralization pseudoviruses. Our results showed that convalescent sera individuals, regardless vaccination history, remarkably compromised capacities XBB.1.5 Although post-vaccination breakthrough slightly elevated plasma neutralizing antibodies part pseudoviruses, activities impaired Furthermore, analyzed impacts number vaccinations, age, sex on humoral cellular after infection. findings suggest lineages elicited current are remained at low levels, indicating urgent need development next-generation vaccines designed based sub-lineages other future variants.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

39
Upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Rupsha Fraser, Aurelio Orta‐Resendiz, Alexander Mazein

и другие.

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(4), С. 255 - 267

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact on viral transmission rates, thus aiding evolution, the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity rapidly declines. Immune responses in respiratory tract mucosal tissues are crucial for early control infection, can generate long-term antigen-specific protection with prompt recall responses. However, currently approved vaccines not amenable to adequate delivery, particularly upper airways, which could account high vaccine breakthrough infection rates limited duration vaccine-mediated protection. In view these drawbacks, we outline a strategy that potential enhance both efficacy durability existing vaccines, by inducing robust memory (URT) mucosa.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

37