Decoding the RNA viromes in shrew lungs along the eastern coast of China

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China 2018. It is crucial to understand shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along eastern coast China, characterized high-depth virome 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, shantungensis, tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, Suncus murinus). Our analysis revealed numerous viruses comprising 54 known 72 that significantly enhance our understanding mammalian Notably, 34 identified possess spillover-risk potential six were human pathogenic viruses: LayV, influenza A virus (H5N6), rotavirus A, rabies virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, rat hepatitis E virus. Moreover, ten previously unreported discovered, among them have potential. Additionally, all 12 had ability cross boundaries. data underscore diversity provide foundation further studies into tracing predicting emerging infectious diseases originated shrews.

Язык: Английский

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Isoleucine at position 137 of Hemagglutinin acts as a Mammalian adaptation marker of H9N2 Avian influenza virus

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

AbstractThe H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely distributed among poultry and wild birds also a threat to humans. During AIV active surveillance in Liaoning province from 2015 2016, we identified ten strains exhibiting different lethality chick embryos. Two representative strains, A/chicken/China/LN07/2016 (CKLN/07) A/chicken/China/LN17/2016 (CKLN/17), with similar genomic background but embryo lethality, were chosen evaluate the molecular basis for this difference. A series reassortants between CKLN/07 CKLN/17 generated their was assessed. We found that isoleucine (I) residue at position 137 (H3 numbering) hemagglutinin (HA) responsible virus. Further studies revealed threonine (T) I mutation HA enhanced viral replication vitro vivo. Moreover, HA-T137I substitution increased guinea pig transmission efficiency. critical α2,6-linked sialic acid binding preference activation stability Our findings demonstrated HA-137I key marker mammalian adaptation AIV.

Язык: Английский

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Discovery of viruses and bacteria associated with swine respiratory disease on farms at a nationwide scale in China using metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing

mSystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Respiratory disease (RD) is a worldwide leading threat to the pig industry, but there still limited understanding of pathogens associated with swine RD. In this study, we conducted nationwide genomic surveillance on identifying viruses, bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) from lungs pigs RD in China. By performing metatranscriptomic sequencing combined metagenomic sequencing, identified 21 viral species belonging 12 families. Among them, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus, influenza A herpes adenovirus, parvovirus were commonly identified. However, emerging such as Getah virus coronaviruses, also characterized. Apart total 164 bacterial identified, Streptococcus suis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis , hyopneumoniae Glaesserella parasuis Pasteurella multocida being frequently detected high abundances. Notably, Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae highly detected. Our further analysis revealed complex interaction between We retrospectively analyses demonstrate prevalent genotypes or serotypes Finally, 48 ARGs, which conferred 13 predicted classes, many these ARGs significantly substantial number mobile genetic elements, including transposons (e.g., tnp AIS1, A1353, int 3, IS Cau1) plasmids Col(BS512), Col(YC)]. These findings will contribute etiology, epidemiology, microbial interactions RD, may shed light development effective vaccines. IMPORTANCE viruses bacteria China at farm scale by sequencing. demonstrated different and/or work provides comprehensive knowledge about data reference for research vaccines against disease.

Язык: Английский

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Virus-derived siRNA: Coronavirus and influenza virus trigger antiviral RNAi immunity in birds

Nucleic Acids Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 53(4)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025

RNA interference (RNAi) is a key antiviral immune mechanism in eukaryotes. However, RNAi vertebrates has only been observed cells with poor interferon systems or viral suppressors of (VSR) deficiency virus infections. Our research discovered that infecting macrophages wild-type coronavirus (Infectious bronchitis virus, IBV) and influenza viruses (Avian AIV) can trigger immunity produce certain amount virus-derived siRNA (vsiRNA). These vsiRNAs have an inhibitory effect on the carry out targeted silencing along Dicer-Ago2-vsiRNA axis. Notably, these are distributed throughout virus's entire genome, predilection for A/U at 5' 3' termini vsiRNA. In addition, Dicer cleavage produces vsiRNA based RWM motif, where R represents A/G, W A/C, M A/U. We also avian LGP2 MDA5 proteins positively impact expression protein subtype "DicerM." Most importantly, PS-vsiRNA plasmid combined nanomaterial polyetherimide (PEI) showed excellent anti-virus activity specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. findings show production somatic cells, which great significance application therapeutic vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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Metatranscriptomic identification of novel RNA viruses from raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) feces in Japan

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), classified in the order Carnivora within family Canidae, is native to East Asia and widely distributed throughout Japan due its adaptability various environments. Despite close relationship between dogs other animals, viruses infecting have not been thoroughly investigated Japan. In this study, we performed metatranscriptomic analyses using fecal samples collected from latrines of wild two locations on mainland Nearly complete viral genomes were identified, including belonging genus Kobuvirus (CaKoV), an unclassified canine sapelovirus subfamily Ensavirinae (CaSaV), Genius Mamastrovirus (CaAstV), hepe-astro-like virus (bastrovirus-like) (Bast-like V), dicistrovirus (DiciV) Dicistroviridae. Phylogenetic revealed that CaKoV, CaSaV, CaAstV are related strains but form independent clusters specific dogs, suggesting they evolved host population. Bast-like V, detected for first time showed high sequence identity with previously identified Chinese shrews. shared insectivorous nature these hosts silico range predictions suggest Vs may originate arthropod viruses. Although DiciV likely dietary origin hosts, large number reads phylogenetic clustering DiciVs mammalian indicate need assess their potential infectivity mammals risk spillover. These findings harbor endemic population act as vectors unknown spillover risk.

Язык: Английский

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