Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(7), С. 1402 - 1402
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
ASD
is
a
complex
condition
primarily
rooted
in
genetics,
although
influenced
by
environmental,
prenatal,
and
perinatal
risk
factors,
ultimately
leading
to
genetic
epigenetic
alterations.
These
mechanisms
may
manifest
as
inflammatory,
oxidative
stress,
hypoxic,
or
ischemic
damage.
To
elucidate
potential
variances
gene
expression
ASD,
transcriptome
analysis
of
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
cells
was
conducted
via
RNA-seq
on
12
patients
13
healthy
controls,
all
Sicilian
ancestry
minimize
environmental
confounds.
A
total
733
different
statistically
significant
genes
were
identified
between
the
two
cohorts.
Gene
Set
Enrichment
Analysis
(GSEA)
Ontology
(GO)
terms
employed
explore
pathways
differentially
expressed
mRNAs.
GSEA
revealed
GO
strongly
associated
with
namely
Biological
Process
term
"Response
Oxygen-Containing
Compound".
Additionally,
Cellular
Component
pathway
"Mitochondrion"
stood
out
among
other
pathways,
predominantly
affiliated
this
specific
pathway,
implicating
involvement
mitochondrial
functions
ASD.
Among
genes,
Vocal
production
learning
("vocal
learning")
is
a
convergently
evolved
trait
in
vertebrates.
To
identify
brain
genomic
elements
associated
with
mammalian
vocal
learning,
we
integrated
genomic,
anatomical,
and
neurophysiological
data
from
the
Egyptian
fruit
bat
(
Nature Methods,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
20(12), С. 2011 - 2020
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023
Maps
of
the
nervous
system
that
identify
individual
cells
along
with
their
type,
subcellular
components
and
connectivity
have
potential
to
elucidate
fundamental
organizational
principles
neural
circuits.
Nanometer-resolution
imaging
brain
tissue
provides
necessary
raw
data,
but
inferring
cellular
annotation
layers
is
challenging.
We
present
segmentation-guided
contrastive
learning
representations
(SegCLR),
a
self-supervised
machine
technique
produces
directly
from
3D
imagery
segmentations.
When
applied
volumes
human
mouse
cortex,
SegCLR
enables
accurate
classification
subcompartments
achieves
performance
equivalent
supervised
approach
while
requiring
400-fold
fewer
labeled
examples.
also
inference
cell
types
fragments
as
small
10
μm,
which
enhances
utility
in
many
neurites
are
truncated
at
boundaries.
Finally,
exploration
layer
5
pyramidal
subtypes
automated
large-scale
analysis
synaptic
partners
visual
cortex.
Neuron,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
112(9), С. 1397 - 1415.e6
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024
Defects
in
tRNA
biogenesis
are
associated
with
multiple
neurological
disorders,
yet
our
understanding
of
these
diseases
has
been
hampered
by
an
inability
to
determine
expression
individual
cell
types
within
a
complex
tissue.
Here,
we
developed
mouse
model
which
RNA
polymerase
III
is
conditionally
epitope
tagged
Cre-dependent
manner,
allowing
us
accurately
profile
any
type
vivo.
We
investigated
diverse
nervous
system
types,
revealing
dramatic
heterogeneity
the
genes
between
populations.
found
that
while
maintenance
levels
isoacceptor
families
critical
for
cellular
homeostasis,
neurons
differentially
vulnerable
insults
distinct
families.
Cell-type-specific
translatome
analysis
suggests
balance
availability
and
codon
demand
may
underlie
such
differential
resilience.
Our
work
provides
platform
investigating
complexities
mRNA
translation
biology
brain.
Biology of Sex Differences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Май 7, 2024
Abstract
Background
Early
life
adversity
impairs
hippocampal
development
and
function
across
diverse
species.
While
initial
evidence
indicated
potential
variations
between
males
females,
further
research
is
required
to
validate
these
observations
better
understand
the
underlying
mechanisms
contributing
sex
differences.
Furthermore,
most
of
preclinical
work
in
rodents
was
performed
adult
males,
with
only
few
studies
examining
differences
during
adolescence
when
such
appear
more
pronounced.
To
address
concerns,
we
investigated
impact
limited
bedding
(LB),
a
mouse
model
early
adversity,
on
prepubescent
adolescent
male
female
mice.
Methods
RNA
sequencing,
confocal
microscopy,
electron
microscopy
were
used
evaluate
LB
postnatal
day
17
(P17)
Additional
conducted
mice
aged
P29-36,
which
included
contextual
fear
conditioning,
retrograde
tracing,
ex
vivo
diffusion
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(dMRI).
Results
More
severe
deficits
axonal
innervation
myelination
found
perforant
pathway
compared
littermates.
These
due
failure
reelin-positive
neurons
located
lateral
entorhinal
cortex
(LEC)
innervate
dorsal
hippocampus
via
but
not
strongly
correlated
conditioning.
Conclusions
capacity
cells
LEC
project
Given
critical
role
that
projections
play
supporting
normal
function,
establish
proper
connectivity
provides
compelling
novel
mechanism
explain
freezing
males.
