A gender perspective on diet, microbiome, and sex hormone interplay in cardiovascular disease

Acta Physiologica, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024

Abstract A unique interplay between body and environment embeds reflects host–microbiome interactions that contribute to sex‐differential disease susceptibility, symptomatology, treatment outcomes. These differences derive from individual biological factors, such as sex hormone action, sex‐divergent immune processes, X‐linked gene dosage effects, epigenetics, well their interaction across the lifespan. The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized a moderator of several systems are thus impacted by its function composition. In humans, components further interact with gender‐specific exposures dietary preferences, stressors, life experiences form complex whole, requiring innovative methodologies disentangle. Here, we summarize current knowledge among hormones, microbiota, system, vascular health relevance for epidemiology cardiovascular diseases. We outline clinical implications, identify gaps, place emphasis on required future studies address these gaps. addition, provide an overview caveats associated conducting research require consideration sex/gender differences. While previous work has inspected separately, here call attention translational utility combined perspective research, gender medicine, biology.

Язык: Английский

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Revisiting sex and gender in the brain

The Transmitter, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sex Disparity in Cancer: Role of Autophagy and Estrogen Receptors

Cells, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 273 - 273

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Autophagy, a cellular process essential for maintaining homeostasis, plays fundamental role in recycling damaged components and adapting to stress. The dysregulation of autophagy is implicated numerous human diseases, including cancer, where it exhibits dual as both suppressor promoter, depending on the context stage tumor development. significant sex differences observed autophagic processes are determined by biological factors, such genetic makeup hormones. Estrogens, through their interaction with specific receptors, modulate influence progression, therapy resistance, immune response tumors. In females, escape from X inactivation estrogen signaling may be responsible advantages, terms lower incidence longer survival, oncology. Women often show better responses traditional chemotherapy, while men respond immunotherapy. action hormones system could contribute these differences. However, women experience more severe adverse reactions anticancer drugs. estrogen/autophagy crosstalk-involved multiple aspects tumor, i.e., development, progression therapy-deserves an in-depth study, highlight sex-specific mechanisms useful designing innovative gender-tailored treatments perspective precision medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Esr1-Dependent Signaling and Transcriptional Maturation in the Medial Preoptic Area of the Hypothalamus Shapes the Development of Mating Behavior during Adolescence

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Mating and other behaviors emerge during adolescence through the coordinated actions of steroid hormone signaling throughout nervous system periphery. In this study, we investigated transcriptional dynamics medial preoptic area (MPOA), a critical region for reproductive behavior, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in situ hybridization techniques male female mice development. Our findings reveal that estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) plays pivotal role maturation GABAergic neurons within MPOA adolescence. Deletion gene, Esr1 , (Vgat+) disrupted developmental progression mating both sexes, while its deletion glutamatergic (Vglut2+) had no observable effect. males females, these displayed distinct trajectories, with hormone-dependent gene expression patterns emerging regulated by . neurons, prior to adolescence, arrested adolescent cells uncovered sex-specific gene-regulatory networks associated signaling. results underscore orchestrating revealing regulatory implicated development hypothalamic controlled behaviors. Single cell reveals how sex hormones sculpt types required behavior.

Язык: Английский

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“Precision Medicine” and the Failed Search for Binary Brain Sex Differences to Address Gender Behavioral Health Disparities

American Journal of Human Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 37(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Human brain imaging took off in the 1980s and has since flooded zone analysis of gender differences behavior mental health. Couched aims “precision medicine,” vast majority this research taken a binary approach, dividing participants according to M/F box at intake asserting that sex found neuroimaging will lead important advances for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, actual findings from 40‐year project have not lived up its promise, part because over‐binarization general ignorance as complex variable influencing human function. This paper reviews history failed claims about male–female difference modern era, illuminates deep‐pocketed incentives driving such research, examines limitations approach understanding gender‐related health disparities. It then considers more recent efforts “break binary” by using measures “gender” addition “sex” an independent studies. Given multidimensional nature gender—as identity, expression, roles relations—this is challenging implement, with initial producing little substance. Better approaches addressing disparities require focusing on specific behaviors (e.g., anxiety, risk‐taking, verbal memory, spatial navigation) components body size, hormone levels, gene caregiver role, financial independence, discrimination) when seeking brain‐behavior correlates diverse population.

Язык: Английский

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Beneficial and adverse effects of THC on cognition in the HIV-1 transgenic rat model: Importance of exploring task- and sex-dependent outcomes

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Navigating the paradigm shift of sex inclusive preclinical research and lessons learnt

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Esr1-Dependent Signaling and Transcriptional Maturation in the Medial Preoptic Area of the Hypothalamus Shapes the Development of Mating Behavior during Adolescence

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Mating and other behaviors emerge during adolescence through the coordinated actions of steroid hormone signaling throughout nervous system periphery. In this study, we investigated transcriptional dynamics medial preoptic area (MPOA), a critical region for reproductive behavior, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in situ hybridization techniques male female mice development. Our findings reveal that estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) plays pivotal role maturation GABAergic neurons within MPOA adolescence. Deletion gene, Esr1 , (Vgat+) disrupted developmental progression mating both sexes, while its deletion glutamatergic (Vglut2+) had no observable effect. males females, these displayed distinct trajectories, with hormone-dependent gene expression patterns emerging regulated by . neurons, prior to adolescence, arrested adolescent cells uncovered sex-specific gene-regulatory networks associated signaling. results underscore orchestrating revealing regulatory implicated development hypothalamic controlled behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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Esr1-Dependent Signaling and Transcriptional Maturation in the Medial Preoptic Area of the Hypothalamus Shapes the Development of Mating Behavior during Adolescence

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Mating and other behaviors emerge during adolescence through the coordinated actions of steroid hormone signaling throughout nervous system periphery. In this study, we investigated transcriptional dynamics medial preoptic area (MPOA), a critical region for reproductive behavior, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in situ hybridization techniques male female mice development. Our findings reveal that estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) plays pivotal role maturation GABAergic neurons within MPOA adolescence. Deletion gene, Esr1 , (Vgat+) disrupted developmental progression mating both sexes, while its deletion glutamatergic (Vglut2+) had no observable effect. males females, these displayed distinct trajectories, with hormone-dependent gene expression patterns emerging regulated by . neurons, prior to adolescence, arrested adolescent cells uncovered sex-specific gene-regulatory networks associated signaling. results underscore orchestrating revealing regulatory implicated development hypothalamic controlled behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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Limitations of the Male/Female Binary for Studying the Influences of Sex‐ and Gender‐Related Factors on Health

American Journal of Human Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 37(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Momentum has been building for several decades around the value of incorporating sex and gender considerations in biomedical, clinical, health research more broadly. In that period, there a proliferation guidelines, policies, definitions, methods, conceptual frameworks doing so, which is both constructive challenging: diversity concepts methods generates knowledge highlights different aspects phenomena under study, but at same time, it can create inconsistency fragmentation operationalization interpretation attending to health. A male–female binary approach examining how influence predominated many domains, although this helping identify disparities related gender, are also some important limitations an uncritical overreliance on comparisons; three case studies from biomedical literature used help illustrate these limitations. Ultimately, no single correct addressing research. I contend most crucial element researchers need bring careful critical attention incorporation ways appropriate their context understand articulate chosen approaches.

Язык: Английский

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