Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status

Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 184(16), С. 4137 - 4153.e14

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Geography, Ethnicity or Subsistence-Specific Variations in Human Microbiome Composition and Diversity

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2017

One of the fundamental issues in microbiome research is characterization healthy human microbiota. Recent studies have elucidated substantial divergences structure between individuals from different race and ethnicity. This review provides a comprehensive account such geography, ethnicity or life-style-specific variations at five major body habitats – Gut, Oral-cavity, Respiratory Tract, Skin Urogenital Tract (UGT). The focuses on general trend evolution - gradual transition gross compositional along with continual decrease diversity microbiome, especially gut as populations passed through three stages subsistence like foraging, rural farming industrialized urban western life. In general, hunter-gatherer highly abundant Prevotella, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Clostridiales, Ruminobacter etc., while those communities are often enriched Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium Firmicutes. oral skin next most diverse among populations, respiratory tract UGT show lesser variations. Higher observed for oral-cavity group higher prevalence Haemophilus than agricultural group. case Chinese variation abundance Trabulsiella Propionibacterium. On basis published data, we characterized core microbiota set genera commonly found all irrespective their geographic locations, mode subsistence. We also identified factors responsible geography-based alterations microbiota; though it not yet clear which factor plays dominant role shaping nature nurture, host genetics his environment. Some geographical/racial been attributed to differences innate/adaptive immunity, many other cases, cultural/behavioral features diet, hygiene, parasitic load, environmental exposure etc. overshadow genetics. population-specific composition, reviewed this report, question universality microbiome-based therapeutic strategies recommend geographically tailored community-scale approaches engineering.

Язык: Английский

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Seasonal cycling in the gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania

Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 357(6353), С. 802 - 806

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2017

Seasonal diets, seasonal microbiota Among the Hadza of western Tanzania, a few hundred people still live in small groups as hunter-gatherers, reliant solely on wild environment for food. Smits et al. found that these reflects availability different types food (see Perspective by Peddada). Between seasons, striking differences were observed their gut microbial communities, with some taxa apparently disappearing, only to reappear when seasons turned. Further comparison diverse urbanized peoples revealed distinctly patterns community composition. Science , this issue p. 802 ; see also 754

Язык: Английский

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Regional variation limits applications of healthy gut microbiome reference ranges and disease models

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(10), С. 1532 - 1535

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 595(2), С. 489 - 503

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2016

There is a growing realisation that the gut-brain axis and its regulation by microbiota may play key role in biological physiological basis of neurodevelopmental, age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The routes communication between brain are being unravelled include vagus nerve, gut hormone signalling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism or way microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids. importance early life shaping future health outcomes also emerging. Disturbances this composition antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, infection, stress environmental influences coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term effects on physiology behaviour, at least animal models. It worth noting mode delivery birth those born Caesarean section having distinctly different to per vaginum. At other extreme life, ageing associated narrowing diversity healthy correlates diverse microbiome. Recently, has been implicated variety conditions including depression, autism, schizophrenia Parkinson's disease. still considerable debate whether not changes core pathophysiology merely epiphenomenal. plausible neuropsychiatric disorders might be treated targeting either transplantation, antibiotics psychobiotics.

Язык: Английский

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Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(2), С. 101 - 116

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Enterococcus: a Model of Adaptability to Its Environment

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 32(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2019

The genus Enterococcus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that are great relevance to human health for their role as major causative agents care-associated infections. enterococci resilient and versatile species able survive under harsh conditions, making them well adapted the care environment. Two cause majority enterococcal infections: faecalis faecium Both demonstrate intrinsic resistance common antibiotics, such virtually all cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, remarkably plastic genome allows these two readily acquire further high-level aminoglycoside resistance, ampicillin vancomycin either through mutation or by horizontal transfer genetic elements conferring determinants.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Diversity and Human Diseases: Should We Reintroduce Key Predators in Our Ecosystem?

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7

Опубликована: Март 31, 2016

Most of the Human diseases affecting westernized countries are associated with dysbiosis and loss microbial diversity in gut microbiota. The Western way life, a wide use antibiotics other environmental triggers, may reduce number bacterial predators leading to decrease gut. We argue that this phenomenon is similar process ecosystem impoverishment macro ecology where human activity decreases ecological niches, size predator populations, finally biodiversity. Such pauperization fundamental since it reverses evolution processes, drives life backward into diminished complexity, stability, adaptability. A simple therapeutic approach could thus be reintroduce restore host

Язык: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2018

In the twenty first century, changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) globally with increasing incidence across many countries relates to altered gut microbiota, due a combinatorial effect environmental factors, human immune responses and genetics. IBD is gastrointestinal associated dysbiosis, characterized by changes in microbial communities that include an expansion facultative anaerobic bacteria family Enterobacteriaceae. Advances high-throughput sequencing enable us entangle microbiota health beyond bacterial including mycobiota, virobiota helminthes. Caudovirales (viruses) Basidiomycota, Ascomycota C.albicans (fungi) are revealed be increased IBD. The deconvolution lays basis for unveiling roles these various components pathogenesis being conductive instructing on future diagnosis therapeutics. Here we comprehensively elucidate alterations IBD, discuss diets relation illustrate potential manipulation therapeutic strategy antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics fecal transplantation will benefit effective application precision microbiome

Язык: Английский

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Lifestyles in transition: evolution and natural history of the genus Lactobacillus

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 41(Supp_1), С. S27 - S48

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2017

Lactobacillus species are found in nutrient-rich habitats associated with food, feed, plants, animals and humans. Due to their economic importance, the metabolism, genetics phylogeny of lactobacilli have been extensively studied. However, past research primarily examined experimental settings abstracted from any natural history, ecological context which these bacteria exist evolve has received less attention. In this review, we synthesize phylogenetic, genomic metabolic metadata genus findings fine-scale phylogenetic functional analyses representative elucidate evolution history its members. The available evidence indicates a high level niche conservatism within well-supported groups genus, lifestyles ranging free-living strictly symbiotic. consistent model host-adapted lineages evolved ancestors, present-day displaying substantial variations terms reliance on environmental niches degree host specificity. This can provide framework for elucidation evolutionary valuable information improve use important industrial therapeutic applications.

Язык: Английский

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