PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
16(7), С. e2005710 - e2005710
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2018
Animals
live
together
with
diverse
bacteria
that
can
impact
their
biology.
In
Drosophila
melanogaster,
gut-associated
bacterial
communities
are
relatively
simple
in
composition
but
also
have
a
strong
on
host
development
and
physiology.
It
is
generally
assumed
gut
D.
melanogaster
transient
constant
ingestion
food
required
to
maintain
presence
the
gut.
Here,
we
identify
species
from
wild-caught
stably
associate
independently
of
continuous
inoculation.
Moreover,
show
specific
Acetobacter
wild
isolates
proliferate
We
further
demonstrate
interaction
between
isolated
thailandicus
mutually
beneficial
stability
association
key
this
mutualism.
The
stable
population
allows
spreading
into
environment,
which
advantageous
bacterium
itself.
dissemination
turn
because
next
generation
flies
develops
particularly
bacterium.
A.
leads
faster
higher
fertility
emerging
adults
when
compared
other
flies.
Furthermore,
sufficient
axenic
or
freshly
collected
figs,
respectively.
This
isolate
colonizes
several
genotypes
not
closely
related
simulans,
indicating
specific.
work
establishes
new
conceptual
model
understand
melanogaster–gut
microbiota
interactions
an
ecological
context;
be
mutualistic
through
microbial
farming,
common
strategy
insects.
these
results
develop
use
as
study
proliferation
colonization.
It
has
been
reported
that
the
composition
of
human
gut
microbiota
changes
with
age;
however,
few
studies
have
used
molecular
techniques
to
investigate
long-term,
sequential
in
composition.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
newborn
centenarian
Japanese
subjects.Fecal
samples
from
367
healthy
subjects
between
ages
0
and
104
years
were
analyzed
by
high-throughput
sequencing
amplicons
derived
V3-V4
region
16S
rRNA
gene.
Analysis
based
on
bacterial
co-abundance
groups
(CAGs)
defined
Kendall
correlations
genera
revealed
certain
transition
types
enriched
infants,
adults,
elderly
individuals
both
infant
subjects.
More
positive
relative
abundances
observed
elderly-associated
CAGs
compared
infant-
adult-associated
CAGs.
Hierarchical
Ward's
linkage
clustering
abundance
indicated
five
clusters,
median
(interquartile
range)
3
(0-35),
33
(24-45),
42
(32-62),
77
(36-84)
94
(86-98)
years.
Subjects
predominantly
clustered
their
matched
some
them
fell
into
mismatched
age
clusters.
Furthermore,
proportion
transporters
predicted
phylogenetic
investigation
communities
reconstruction
unobserved
states
(PICRUSt)
showed
divided
two
age-related
groups,
adult-enriched
infant/elderly-enriched
Notably,
all
drug
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes
(KEGG)
Orthology
found
cluster.Our
results
indicate
patterns
points
compositional
age.
addition,
transporter
property
prediction
suggest
nutrients
might
play
an
important
role
changing
Cell Host & Microbe,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
21(4), С. 455 - 466.e4
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2017
Levels
of
inflammatory
mediators
in
circulation
are
known
to
increase
with
age,
but
the
underlying
cause
this
age-associated
inflammation
is
debated.
We
find
that,
when
maintained
under
germ-free
conditions,
mice
do
not
display
an
age-related
circulating
pro-inflammatory
cytokine
levels.
A
higher
proportion
live
600
days
than
their
conventional
counterparts,
and
macrophages
derived
from
aged
maintain
anti-microbial
activity.
Co-housing
old,
young,
conventionally
raised
increases
cytokines
blood.
In
tumor
necrosis
factor
(TNF)-deficient
mice,
which
protected
inflammation,
microbiota
changes
observed.
Furthermore,
can
be
reversed
by
reducing
TNF
using
anti-TNF
therapy.
These
data
suggest
that
aging-associated
promote
reversing
these
represents
a
potential
strategy
for
accompanying
morbidity.
Science,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
350(6265), С. 1214 - 1215
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2015
The
potential
for
the
gut
microbiota
to
affect
health
has
a
particular
relevance
older
individuals.
This
is
because
may
modulate
aging-related
changes
in
innate
immunity,
sarcopaenia,
and
cognitive
function,
all
of
which
are
elements
frailty.
Both
cell
culture-dependent
-independent
studies
show
that
people
differs
from
younger
adults.
There
no
chronological
threshold
or
age
at
composition
suddenly
alters;
rather,
occur
gradually
with
time.
Our
detailed
analyses
have
separated
into
groups
associated
age,
long-term
residential
care,
habitual
diet,
degree
retention
core
microbiome.
We
beginning
understand
how
these
change
aging
they
relate
clinical
phenotypes.
These
data
provide
framework
analyzing
microbiota-health
associations,
distinguishing
correlation
causation,
identifying
interaction
physiological
processes,
developing
microbiota-based
surveillance
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023
Abstract
Aging
is
characterized
by
systemic
chronic
inflammation,
which
accompanied
cellular
senescence,
immunosenescence,
organ
dysfunction,
and
age-related
diseases.
Given
the
multidimensional
complexity
of
aging,
there
an
urgent
need
for
a
systematic
organization
inflammaging
through
dimensionality
reduction.
Factors
secreted
senescent
cells,
known
as
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype
(SASP),
promote
inflammation
can
induce
senescence
in
normal
cells.
At
same
time,
accelerates
immune
resulting
weakened
function
inability
to
clear
cells
inflammatory
factors,
creates
vicious
cycle
senescence.
Persistently
elevated
levels
organs
such
bone
marrow,
liver,
lungs
cannot
be
eliminated
leading
damage
aging-related
Therefore,
has
been
recognized
endogenous
factor
elimination
could
potential
strategy
anti-aging.
Here
we
discuss
at
molecular,
cellular,
organ,
disease
levels,
review
current
aging
models,
implications
cutting-edge
single
cell
technologies,
well
anti-aging
strategies.
Since
preventing
alleviating
diseases
improving
overall
quality
life
are
ultimate
goals
research,
our
highlights
critical
features
mechanisms
along
with
latest
developments
future
directions
providing
theoretical
foundation
novel
practical
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
115(51)
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2018
Gut
bacteria
can
affect
key
aspects
of
host
fitness,
such
as
development,
fecundity,
and
lifespan,
while
the
host,
in
turn,
shapes
gut
microbiome.
However,
it
is
unclear
to
what
extent
individual
species
versus
community
interactions
within
microbiome
are
linked
fitness.
Here,
we
combinatorially
dissect
natural
Drosophila
melanogaster
reveal
that
between
shape
fitness
through
life
history
tradeoffs.
Empirically,
made
germ-free
flies
colonized
with
each
possible
combination
five
core
fly
bacteria.
We
measured
resulting
bacterial
abundances
traits,
including
reproduction,
lifespan.
The
promoted
diversity,
which,
accelerated
aging:
Flies
reproduced
more
died
sooner.
From
these
measurements,
calculated
impact
on
by
adapting
mathematics
genetic
epistasis
Development
fecundity
converged
higher
suggesting
minimal
dependence
interactions.
lifespan
were
highly
dependent
species.
Higher-order
(involving
three,
four,
species)
occurred
13-44%
cases
depending
trait,
same
affecting
multiple
a
reflection
tradeoff.
Overall,
found
frequently
context-dependent
often
had
magnitude
themselves,
indicating
be
important
microbiomes.
Objective
Cerebral
amyloidosis
and
severe
tauopathy
in
the
brain
are
key
pathological
features
of
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
Despite
a
strong
influence
intestinal
microbiota
on
AD,
causal
relationship
between
gut
AD
pathophysiology
is
still
elusive.
Design
Using
recently
developed
AD-like
pathology
with
amyloid
neurofibrillary
tangles
(ADLP
APT
)
transgenic
mouse
model
which
shows
plaques,
reactive
gliosis
their
brains
along
memory
deficits,
we
examined
impact
pathogenesis.
Results
Composition
ADLP
mice
differed
from
that
healthy
wild-type
(WT)
mice.
Besides,
showed
loss
epithelial
barrier
integrity
chronic
systemic
inflammation.
Both
frequent
transfer
transplantation
faecal
WT
into
ameliorated
formation
β
plaques
tangles,
glial
reactivity
cognitive
impairment.
Additionally,
reversed
abnormalities
colonic
expression
genes
related
to
macrophage
activity
circulating
blood
inflammatory
monocytes
recipient
Conclusion
These
results
indicate
microbiota-mediated
immune
aberrations
contribute
pathogenesis
mice,
providing
new
insights
(colonic
gene
expression,
permeability),
(blood
cell
population)
(pathology)
axis
(memory
deficits).
Thus,
restoring
microbial
homeostasis
may
have
beneficial
effects
treatment.
Genetics,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
210(2), С. 357 - 396
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2018
Abstract
The
gastrointestinal
tract
has
recently
come
to
the
forefront
of
multiple
research
fields.
It
is
now
recognized
as
a
major
source
signals
modulating
food
intake,
insulin
secretion
and
energy
balance.
also
key
player
in
immunity
and,
through
its
interaction
with
microbiota,
can
shape
our
physiology
behavior
complex
sometimes
unexpected
ways.
insect
intestine
had
remained,
by
comparison,
relatively
unexplored
until
identification
adult
somatic
stem
cells
Drosophila
over
decade
ago.
Since
then,
growing
scientific
community
exploited
genetic
amenability
this
organ
powerful
creative
By
doing
so,
we
have
shed
light
on
broad
range
biological
questions
revolving
around
their
niches,
interorgan
signaling
immunity.
Despite
recent
discovery,
some
mechanisms
active
flies
already
been
shown
be
more
widely
applicable
other
systems,
may
therefore
become
relevant
context
human
pathologies
such
cancers,
aging,
or
obesity.
This
review
summarizes
current
knowledge
both
formation
function
melanogaster
digestive
tract,
focus
main
digestive/absorptive
portion:
strikingly
adaptable
midgut.
