Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(5), С. 1020 - 1032

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Язык: Английский

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The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(1), С. 40 - 54

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 21(4), С. 236 - 247

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(3), С. 389 - 404.e6

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Gut Microbiome, Aging, and Longevity: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(12), С. 3759 - 3759

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2020

Aging is determined by complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome lies at core of many age-associated changes, including immune system dysregulation susceptibility to diseases. The microbiota undergoes extensive changes across lifespan, age-related processes may influence its related metabolic alterations. aim this systematic review was summarize current literature on aging-associated alterations in diversity, composition, functional features microbiota. We identified 27 empirical human studies normal successful aging suitable for inclusion. Alpha diversity microbial taxa, pathways, metabolites higher older adults, particularly oldest-old compared younger individuals. Beta distances significantly differed various developmental stages were different even between younger-old adults. Differences taxonomic composition potential varied studies, but Akkermansia most consistently reported be relatively more abundant with aging, whereas Faecalibacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae reduced. Older adults have reduced pathways carbohydrate metabolism amino acid synthesis; however, exhibited differences distinguished their from young-old such as greater short-chain fatty production increased butyrate derivatives. Although a definitive interpretation limited cross-sectional design published reports, we integrated findings downstream metabolites, offering possible explanations regarding processes.

Язык: Английский

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From Association to Causality: the Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Functional Products on Host Metabolism

Molecular Cell, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 78(4), С. 584 - 596

Опубликована: Март 31, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived succinate: Friend or foe in human metabolic diseases?

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(4), С. 439 - 447

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2019

Abstract There is now a wealth of evidence showing that communication between microbiota and the host critical to sustain vital functions healthy host, disruptions this homeostatic coexistence are known be associated with range diseases including obesity type 2 diabetes. Microbiota-derived metabolites act both as nutrients messenger molecules can signal distant organs in body shape pathophysiology. In review, we provide new perspective on succinate gut microbiota-derived metabolite key role governing intestinal homeostasis energy metabolism. Thus, not merely major intermediary TCA traditionally considered an extracellular danger but also by-product some bacteria primary cross-feeding resident microbes. addition maintain microbiome, specific peripheral tissues regulating nutrient metabolism should rule out. Indeed, recent research point probiotic interventions directed modulate levels lumen, microbiota-based therapies treat related co-morbidities. While further essential, large strategic mediator microbiota-host cross-talk, which might basis for therapeutically approaches near future.

Язык: Английский

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Roles of intestinal Parabacteroides in human health and diseases

FEMS Microbiology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 369(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Abstract The stability of gut microbiota is essential for the host's health. Parabacteroides spp., core members human microbiota, have an average abundance 1.27% in humans 12 populations. recently been reported to a close relationship with host health (e.g. metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and obesity). physiological characteristics carbohydrate metabolism secreting short chain fatty acids. However, antimicrobial resistance antibiotics (such as clindamycin, moxifloxacin cefoxitin) should not be ignored. In this review, we primarily focus on distasonis, goldsteinii, johnsonii merdae discuss their relationships disease, diet prevention or induction diseases. Pa. distasonis goldsteinii may viewed potential next generation probiotic candidates due protective effects inflammation obesity mice. We also therapeutic application spp. maintaining host–intestine homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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Parabacteroides distasonis: intriguing aerotolerant gut anaerobe with emerging antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic and probiotic roles in human health

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Parabacteroides distasonis is the type strain for genus Parabacteroides, a group of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that commonly colonize gastrointestinal tract numerous species. First isolated in 1930s from clinical specimen as Bacteroides distasonis, was re-classified to form new 2006. Currently, consists 15 species, 10 which are listed 'validly named' (P. acidifaciens, P. chartae, chinchillae, chongii, faecis, goldsteinii, gordonii, johnsonii, and merdae) 5 'not validly bouchesdurhonensis, massiliensis, pacaensis, provencensis, timonensis) by List Prokaryotic names with Standing Nomenclature. The has been associated reports both beneficial pathogenic effects human health. Herein, we review literature on history, ecology, diseases, antimicrobial resistance, genetics this bacterium, illustrating animal

Язык: Английский

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Demystifying the manipulation of host immunity, metabolism, and extraintestinal tumors by the gut microbiome

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2019

Abstract The trillions of microorganisms in the gut microbiome have attracted much attention recently owing to their sophisticated and widespread impacts on numerous aspects host pathophysiology. Remarkable progress large-scale sequencing mass spectrometry has increased our understanding influence and/or its metabolites onset progression extraintestinal cancers efficacy cancer immunotherapy. Given plasticity microbial composition function, microbial-based therapeutic interventions, including dietary modulation, prebiotics, probiotics, as well fecal transplantation, potentially permit development novel strategies for therapy improve clinical outcomes. Herein, we summarize latest evidence involvement immunity metabolism, effects immune response, modulate microbiome, discuss ongoing studies future areas research that deserve focused efforts.

Язык: Английский

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