Exploring the effect of Anshen Dingzhi prescription on hippocampal mitochondrial signals in single prolonged stress mouse model

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 323, С. 117713 - 117713

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Mitochondria in the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease: The Puzzle of the Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transplantation

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 410 - 410

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

Mitochondria, the energy suppliers of cells, play a central role in variety cellular processes essential for survival or leading to cell death. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated numerous general and CNS disorders. The clinical manifestations include metabolic disorders, immune system, tumorigenesis, neuronal behavioral abnormalities. In this review, we focus on CNS, which has unique characteristics therefore highly dependent mitochondria. First, review mitochondria development, synaptogenesis, plasticity, behavior as well their adaptation intricate connections between different types brain. Then, sparse knowledge mechanisms exogenous uptake describe attempts determine half-life transplantation long-term effects sprouting, proteome, behavior. We further discuss potential serve tool study causal link activity Next, transplantation’s therapeutic various Finally, basic reverse—translation challenges approach that currently hinder use transplantation.

Язык: Английский

---

Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 148 - 148

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents central nervous system (CNS), in both pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. paper elucidates interactions with neurons, their role neuroinflammation, potential for exploitation. Emphasized strategies encompass utilization endocannabinoid calcium signaling pathways, hormone-based treatments like 17β-estradiol, biological therapies employing anti-HBGB1 monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy targeting Connexin 43, innovative technique astrocyte transplantation as means to repair damaged neural tissues.

Язык: Английский

---

Mitochondrial metabolism in neural stem cells and implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

Abstract Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles having a fundamental role in the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate during development and maintenance. During embryonic adult neurogenesis, NSCs undergo metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation with rise mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, changes mitochondria shape size, physiological augmentation reactive oxygen species which together drive proliferate differentiate. Genetic epigenetic modifications proteins involved cellular differentiation (Mechanistic Target Rapamycin), proliferation (Wingless-type), hypoxia (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)–and all connected by common key regulatory factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1A–are deemed be responsible for shift and, consequently, NSC pathological conditions. Both primary dysfunction due mutations nuclear or mtDNA secondary (OXPHOS) metabolism, dynamics, organelle interplay pathways can contribute neurodevelopmental progressive neurodegenerative disorders. This review analyses physiology pathology starting available vitro vivo models highlights current knowledge concerning this process.

Язык: Английский

---

The role of mitochondrial remodeling in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurochemistry International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 105927 - 105927

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

The Glutamate/GABA‐Glutamine Cycle: Insights, Updates, and Advances

Journal of Neurochemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 169(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Synaptic homeostasis of the principal neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA is tightly regulated by an intricate metabolic coupling between neurons astrocytes known as glutamate/GABA‐glutamine cycle. In this cycle, take up from synapse convert these into glutamine. Astrocytic glutamine subsequently transferred to neurons, serving precursor for neuronal synthesis. The cycle integrates multiple cellular processes, including neurotransmitter release, uptake, synthesis, metabolism. All processes are deeply interdependent closely coupled energy Astrocytes display highly active mitochondrial oxidative metabolism several unique features, glycogen storage pyruvate carboxylation, which essential sustain continuous release. However, new roles oligodendrocytes microglia in recycling emerging. Malfunction can lead severe synaptic disruptions may be implicated brain diseases. Here, I review central aspects recent advances highlight how functionally connected critical functions First, overview glutamate, GABA, transport provided relation recycling. Then, reviewed, with a special emphasis on glial cells. Finally, discuss aberrant linked neurodegeneration disease, focusing astrocyte dysfunction lipid emerging pathological mechanisms. Instead viewing individual biochemical more holistic integrative approach needed advance our understanding modulates function both health disease. image

Язык: Английский

---

Study insights in the role of PGC-1α in neurological diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which is highly expressed in the central nervous system, known to be involved regulation of mitochondrial biosynthesis, metabolic regulation, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. This knowledge indicates a potential role PGC-1α wide range functions associated with neurological diseases. There emerging evidence indicating protective pathogenesis several As such, deeper broader understanding its diseases urgently needed. The present review provides relatively complete overview current on PGC-1α, including different types neurons, basic structural characteristics, interacting transcription factors. Furthermore, we various diseases, such as intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s other PolyQ Importantly, discuss some compounds or drug-targeting strategies that have been studied ameliorate pathology these introduce possible mechanistic pathways. Based available studies, propose targeting could serve promising novel therapeutic strategy for one more

Язык: Английский

---

Astrocyte-Neuron Signaling in Synaptogenesis

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2021

Astrocytes are the key component of central nervous system (CNS), serving as pivotal regulators neuronal synapse formation and maturation through their ability to dynamically bidirectionally communicate with synapses throughout life. In past 20 years, numerous astrocyte-derived molecules promoting synaptogenesis have been discovered. However, our understanding cell biological basis underlying intra-neuron processes astrocyte-mediated is still in its infancy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview various ways astrocytes talk neurons, highlight astrocytes’ heterogeneity that allow them displays regional-specific capabilities boosting synaptogenesis. Finally, conclude promises future directions on how organoids generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) effectively address signaling pathways employ synaptic development.

Язык: Английский

---

Mitochondria in Neurogenesis: Implications for Mitochondrial Diseases

Stem Cells, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 39(10), С. 1289 - 1297

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2021

Abstract Mitochondria are organelles with recognized key roles in cellular homeostasis, including bioenergetics, redox, calcium signaling, and cell death. essential for neuronal function, given the high energy demands of human brain. Consequently, mitochondrial diseases affecting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) commonly exhibit neurological impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondria important not only mature postmitotic neurons but also regulation neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during process neurogenesis. These recent findings put as central regulator fate decisions brain development. OXPHOS mutations may disrupt function NPCs thereby impair metabolic programming required commitment. Promoting could therefore represent a novel interventional approach against incurable diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Unlocking Neural Function with 3D In Vitro Models: A Technical Review of Self-Assembled, Guided, and Bioprinted Brain Organoids and Their Applications in the Study of Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(13), С. 10762 - 10762

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Understanding the complexities of human brain and its associated disorders poses a significant challenge in neuroscience. Traditional research methods have limitations replicating intricacies, necessitating development vitro models that can simulate structure function. Three-dimensional models, including organoids, cerebral bioprinted functionalized offer promising platforms for studying development, physiology, disease. These accurately replicate key aspects anatomy, gene expression, cellular behavior, enabling drug discovery toxicology studies while providing insights into human-specific phenomena not easily studied animal models. The use human-induced pluripotent stem cells has revolutionized generation 3D structures, with various techniques developed to generate specific regions. advancements facilitate study function, overcoming previous due scarcity samples. This technical review provides an overview current cortex, their characterization, limitations, explores state art future directions field, focus on applications neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative disorders.

Язык: Английский

---