Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2021

Several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are currently in use, but boosters needed to maintain or increase immunity due waning responses and the emergence of novel variants. Here we report that intranasal vaccinations with adenovirus 5 19a vectored following a systemic plasmid DNA mRNA priming result mucosal mice. In contrast two intramuscular applications an vaccine, boosts adenoviral vectors induce high levels IgA lung-resident memory T cells (TRM); neutralization virus variants concern is also enhanced. The prime provokes comprehensive cell response consisting circulating lung TRM after boost, while induces mostly cells. Concomitantly, boost strategies lead complete protection against infection Our data thus suggest booster immunizations promising approach establish addition responses.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants: What Have We Learnt So Far?

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(7), С. 1192 - 1192

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2021

Despite the slow evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2 relative to other RNA viruses, its massive and rapid transmission during COVID-19 pandemic has enabled it acquire significant genetic diversity since first entered human population. This led emergence numerous variants, some them recently being labeled “variants concern” (VOC), due their potential impact on transmission, morbidity/mortality, evasion neutralization by antibodies elicited infection, vaccination, or therapeutic application. The evade is result target epitopes generated accumulation mutations in spike protein. While three globally recognized VOCs (Alpha B.1.1.7, Beta B.1.351, Gamma P.1) remain sensitive albeit at reduced levels sera convalescent individuals recipients several anti-COVID19 vaccines, effect variability much more evident capacity monoclonal antibodies. newly VOC Delta lineage B.1.617.2, as well locally accepted (Epsilon B.1.427/29-US B1.1.7 with E484K-UK) are indicating necessity close monitoring new variants a global level. characteristics, mutational patterns, role play immune summarized this review.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Review of Its Mutations, Its Implications and Vaccine Efficacy

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(10), С. 1195 - 1195

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2021

The widespread increase in multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is causing a significant health concern the United States and worldwide. These exhibit increased transmissibility, cause more disease, evasive immune properties, impair neutralization by antibodies from vaccinated individuals or convalescence sera, reinfection. Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) has classified SARS-CoV-2 into of interest, concern, high consequence. Currently, four (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2) several interests (B.1.526, B.1.525, P.2) are characterized essential close monitoring. In this review, we discuss different variants, emphasizing circulating world highlight various mutations how these affect characteristics virus. addition, most common vaccines studies concerning efficacy against concern.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19

Cochrane library, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses and T cell reactivity against prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 75, С. 103761 - 103761

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021

BackgroundHeterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens combining vector- and mRNA-based vaccines are already administered, but data on solicited adverse reactions, immunological responses elicited protection limited.MethodsTo evaluate the reactogenicity humoral as well cellular immune towards most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants after a heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination, we analysed cohort of 26 clinic employees aged 25-46 (median 30.5) years who received prime followed by boost an 8-week interval. Serological were compared to which homologous with 3-week interval (14 individuals 25-65, median 42).FindingsSelf-reported symptoms in line previous reports more severe than boost. Antibody titres increased significantly over time resulting strong neutralization two weeks subsequently slightly decreased course 17 weeks. At latest point measured, all sera retained neutralizing activity against currently dominant Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. Two post boost, Alpha (B.1.1.7) immune-evading Beta (B.1.351) variant was ∼4-fold higher receiving vaccination. No difference observed Kappa (B.1.617.1). In addition, induced CD4+ CD8+ T cells reactive spike peptides variants; Wuhan-Hu-1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma (P.1), Delta.InterpretationIn conclusion, / is not associated serious events induces potent responses. The Delta, potently neutralized from participants recognize tested variants. These results suggest that this regimen at least immunogenic protective vaccinations also offers current concern.FundingThis project has funding European Union's Horizon 2020 research innovation programme, German Research Foundation, BMBF, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Baden-Württemberg Stiftung, county Lower Saxony, Ministry for Science, Arts Baden-Württemberg, Germany, National Institutes Health.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2022

Abstract The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of virus genome. consistently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring critical mutations impact molecular characteristics viral proteins display heterogeneous behaviors in immune evasion, transmissibility, clinical manifestation during infection, which differ each strain endow them with distinguished features populational spread. Several variants, identified as Variants Concern (VOC) World Health Organization, challenged efforts on control due rapid worldwide spread enhanced evasion from current antibodies vaccines. Moreover, recent Omicron variant even exacerbated anxiety continuous pandemic. Its significant medical treatment disease highlights necessity combinatory investigation mutational pattern influence dynamics against immunity, would greatly facilitate drug vaccine development benefit policymaking. Hence this review, we summarized characteristics, impacts focused parallel comparison different profile, transmissibility tropism alteration, effectiveness, manifestations, order provide a comprehensive landscape for research.

Язык: Английский

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Neutralizing Activity of Sera from Sputnik V-Vaccinated People against Variants of Concern (VOC: B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3) and Moscow Endemic SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(7), С. 779 - 779

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2021

Since the beginning of 2021 year, all main six vaccines against COVID-19 have been used in mass vaccination companies around world. Virus neutralization and epidemiological efficacy drop obtained for several B.1.1.7, B.1.351 P.1, B.1.617 genotypes are concern. There is a growing number reports on mutations receptor-binding domain (RBD) increasing transmissibility virus escaping neutralizing effect antibodies. The Sputnik V vaccine currently approved use more than 66 countries but its activity variants concern (VOC) not extensively studied yet. Virus-neutralizing (VNA) sera from people vaccinated with relation to internationally relevant genetic lineages B.1.351, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3 Moscow endemic B.1.1.141 (T385I) B.1.1.317 (S477N, A522S) RBD has assessed. data indicate no significant differences VNA local (T385I), mutations. For B.1.617.2 statistically 3.1-, 2.8-, 2.5-fold, respectively, reduction was observed. Notably, this decrease lower that reported publications other vaccines. However, direct comparative study necessary conclusion. Thus, "Sputnik V"-vaccinated retain VOC as well circulating Moscow.

Язык: Английский

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The Spike of Concern—The Novel Variants of SARS-CoV-2

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(6), С. 1002 - 1002

Опубликована: Май 27, 2021

The high sequence identity of the first SARS-CoV-2 samples collected in December 2019 at Wuhan did not foretell emergence novel variants United Kingdom, North and South America, India, or Africa that drive current waves pandemic. viral spike receptor possesses two surface areas mutagenic plasticity: supersite its N-terminal domain (NTD) is recognised by all anti-NTD antibodies binding (RBD) where 17 residues make contact with human Ace2 protein (angiotensin I converting enzyme 2) many neutralising bind. While NTD mutations appear glance very diverse, they converge on structure supersite. within RBD, other hand, hone only a small number key sites (K417, L452, E484, N501) are allosteric control points enabling to escape while maintaining even gaining Ace2-binding activity. D614G mutation hallmark variants, as it promotes spread increasing open protomers homo-trimeric complex. This review discusses recent well their evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Implications on immune evasion and vaccine-induced immunity

Seminars in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55, С. 101533 - 101533

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021

Responsible for more than 4.9 million deaths so far, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is instigating devastating effects on the global health care system whose impacts could be longer years to come. Acquiring a comprehensive knowledge of host-virus interaction critical designing effective vaccines and/or drugs. Understanding evolution virus and impact genetic variability host immune evasion vaccine efficacy helpful design novel strategies minimize emerging variants concern (VOC). Most under development in current use target spike protein owning its unique function receptor binding, relatively conserved nature, potent immunogenicity inducing neutralizing antibodies, being good T cell responses. However, SARS-CoV-2 strains are exhibiting which affect antibody-based therapies addition enhancing viral mechanisms. Currently, degree mutations immunity vaccination, ability confer protection against attracts much attention. This review discusses implications vaccine-induced forward directions contribute future studies focusing immunotherapies consider evolution. Combining derived from different regions that boost both humoral cellular wings adaptive best options cope with VOC.

Язык: Английский

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Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review

Global Health Research and Policy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2022

With the continuation of COVID-19 pandemic, some patients have become reinfected with virus. Viral gene sequencing has found that these were by different and others same strains. This raised concerns about effectiveness immunity after infection reliability vaccines. To this end, we conducted a systematic review to assess characteristics reinfection possible causes.

Язык: Английский

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