CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
significant
global
health
concern,
and
it
crucial
that
we
find
effective
methods
to
prevent
or
slow
down
AD
progression.
Recent
studies
have
highlighted
the
essential
role
of
blood
vessels
in
clearing
Aβ,
protein
contributes
AD.
Scientists
are
exploring
biomarkers
as
potential
tool
for
future
diagnosis.
One
promising
method
may
help
remote
ischemic
conditioning
(RIC).
RIC
involves
using
sub-lethal
ischemic-reperfusion
cycles
on
limbs.
However,
comprehensive
understanding
how
can
its
long-term
effectiveness
still
lacking.
Further
research
fully
comprehend
benefits
preventing
Glia,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
71(6), С. 1383 - 1401
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023
Abstract
The
mammalian
brain
is
a
complex
organ
comprising
neurons,
glia,
and
more
than
1
×
10
14
synapses.
Neurons
are
heterogeneous
group
of
electrically
active
cells,
which
form
the
framework
circuitry
brain.
However,
glial
primarily
divided
into
astrocytes,
microglia,
oligodendrocytes
(OLs),
oligodendrocyte
precursor
cells
(OPCs),
constitute
approximately
half
all
neural
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
mainly
provide
nutrition
tropic
support
to
neurons
In
last
two
decades,
concept
“tripartite
synapses”
has
drawn
great
attention,
emphasizes
that
astrocytes
an
integral
part
synapse
regulate
neuronal
activity
feedback
manner
after
receiving
signals.
Since
then,
synaptic
modulation
by
been
extensively
studied
substantially
revised.
this
review,
we
summarize
latest
significant
findings
on
how
particular,
microglia
OL
lineage
impact
remodel
structure
function
synapses
Our
review
highlights
cellular
molecular
aspects
neuron‐glia
crosstalk
provides
additional
information
aberrant
communication
between
glia
may
contribute
pathologies.
Trends in Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
34(7), С. 547 - 565
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023
Astrocytes
are
predominant
glial
cells
that
tile
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
A
cardinal
feature
of
astrocytes
is
their
complex
and
visually
enchanting
morphology,
referred
to
as
bushy,
spongy,
star-like.
precept
this
review
such
morphological
shapes
evolved
allow
contact
signal
with
diverse
at
a
range
distances
in
order
sample,
regulate,
contribute
extracellular
milieu,
thus
participate
widely
cell–cell
signaling
during
physiology
disease.
The
recent
use
improved
imaging
methods
cell-specific
molecular
evaluations
has
revealed
new
information
on
structural
organization
underpinnings
astrocyte
mechanisms
morphogenesis,
contributions
disease
states
reduced
morphology.
These
insights
have
reignited
interest
complexity
cornerstone
fundamental
biology
critical
substrate
for
multicellular
spatial
physiological
interactions
CNS.
Essays in Biochemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
67(1), С. 93 - 106
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023
Astrocytes
are
ubiquitous
within
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
These
cells
possess
many
individual
processes
which
extend
out
into
neuropil,
where
they
interact
with
a
variety
of
other
cell
types,
including
neurons
at
synapses.
now
known
to
be
active
players
in
all
aspects
synaptic
life
cycle,
synapse
formation
and
elimination,
maturation,
maintenance
homeostasis
modulation
transmission.
Traditionally,
astrocytes
have
been
studied
as
homogeneous
group
cells.
However,
recent
studies
uncovered
surprising
degree
heterogeneity
their
development
function,
suggesting
that
may
matched
support
local
circuits.
Hence,
better
understanding
astrocyte
its
implications
needed
understand
brain
function.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
1525(1), С. 41 - 60
Опубликована: Май 23, 2023
Abstract
Astrocytes
are
the
most
abundant
glial
cell
type
in
central
nervous
system
and
essential
to
development,
plasticity,
maintenance
of
neural
circuits.
heterogeneous,
with
their
diversity
rooted
developmental
programs
modulated
by
local
brain
environment.
play
integral
roles
regulating
coordinating
activity
extending
far
beyond
metabolic
support
neurons
other
phenotypes.
Both
gray
white
matter
astrocytes
occupy
critical
functional
niches
capable
modulating
physiology
on
time
scales
slower
than
synaptic
but
faster
those
adaptive
responses
requiring
a
structural
change
or
myelination.
Given
many
associations
roles,
it
is
not
surprising
that
astrocytic
dysfunction
has
been
causally
implicated
broad
set
neurodegenerative
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
focus
recent
discoveries
concerning
contributions
function
networks,
dual
contribution
development
maturation,
role
supporting
myelin
integrity,
hence
conduction
its
regulation.
We
then
address
emerging
disease
pathogenesis
potential
strategies
for
targeting
these
cells
therapeutic
purposes.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024
Abstract
Obesity,
a
burgeoning
global
health
issue,
is
increasingly
recognized
for
its
detrimental
effects
on
the
central
nervous
system,
particularly
concerning
integrity
of
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB).
This
manuscript
delves
into
intricate
relationship
between
obesity
and
BBB
dysfunction,
elucidating
underlying
phenotypes
molecular
mechanisms.
We
commence
with
an
overview
BBB’s
critical
role
in
maintaining
cerebral
homeostasis
pathological
alterations
induced
by
obesity.
By
employing
comprehensive
literature
review,
we
examine
structural
functional
modifications
context
obesity,
including
increased
permeability,
altered
transport
mechanisms,
inflammatory
responses.
The
highlights
how
obesity-induced
systemic
inflammation
metabolic
dysregulation
contribute
to
disruption,
thereby
predisposing
individuals
various
neurological
disorders.
further
explore
potential
pathways,
such
as
oxidative
stress
endothelial
cell
that
mediate
these
changes.
Our
discussion
culminates
summary
current
findings
identification
knowledge
gaps,
paving
way
future
research
directions.
review
underscores
significance
understanding
dysfunction
not
only
implications
neurodegenerative
diseases
but
also
developing
targeted
therapeutic
strategies
mitigate
effects.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
3(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2022
Notch
and
Hedgehog
signaling
are
involved
in
cancer
biology
pathology,
including
the
maintenance
of
tumor
cell
proliferation,
stem-like
cells,
microenvironment.
Given
complexity
tumors,
its
role
as
both
a
promoter
suppressor,
crosstalk
between
pathways,
goal
developing
clinically
safe,
effective,
tumor-specific
Notch-targeted
drugs
has
remained
intractable.
Drugs
developed
against
pathway
have
affirmed
definitive
therapeutic
effects
basal
carcinoma;
however,
some
contexts,
challenges
resistance
recurrence
leap
to
forefront.
The
efficacy
is
very
limited
for
other
types.
In
recent
years,
we
witnessed
an
exponential
increase
investigation
recognition
critical
roles
pathways
cancers,
these
vast
space
value
explore.
A
series
clinical
trials
targeting
been
launched
continually.
this
review,
introduce
current
advances
understanding
specific
populations
microenvironments.
Moreover,
also
discuss
potential
therapy,
intending
promote
from
bench
bedside.
