Micromachines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(4), С. 447 - 447
Опубликована: Март 27, 2024
Recent
advancements
in
neural
probe
technology
have
become
pivotal
both
neuroscience
research
and
the
clinical
management
of
neurological
disorders.
State-of-the-art
developments
led
to
advent
multichannel,
high-density
bidirectional
interfaces
that
are
adept
at
recording
modulating
neuronal
activity
within
central
nervous
system.
Despite
this
progress,
extant
probes
designed
for
simultaneous
stimulation
beset
with
limitations,
including
elicitation
inflammatory
responses
insufficient
charge
injection
capacity.
In
paper,
we
delineate
design
application
an
innovative
ultraflexible
engineered
from
polyimide.
This
is
distinguished
by
its
ability
facilitate
high-resolution
recordings
precise
control
deep
brain
regions.
Electrodes
enhanced
a
PEDOT:PSS/IrOx
composite
exhibit
substantial
increase
storage
capacity,
escalating
0.14
±
0.01
mC/cm2
impressive
24.75
0.18
mC/cm2.
augmentation
significantly
bolsters
electrodes'
transfer
efficacy.
tandem,
observed
notable
reduction
electrode
impedance,
3.47
1.77
MΩ
mere
41.88
4.04
kΩ,
while
phase
angle
exhibited
positive
shift
-72.61
1.84°
-34.17
0.42°.
To
substantiate
functional
prowess,
conducted
vivo
experiments,
where
were
surgically
implanted
into
bilateral
motor
cortex
mice.
These
experiments
involved
synchronous
meticulous
analysis
signal
fluctuations
during
assessment
probes'
proficiency
directional
turning
behaviors
subjects.
The
empirical
evidence
corroborates
targeted
mice
can
modulate
intensity
signals
stimulated
locale,
enabling
mice's
behavior
contralateral
side
site.
ABSTRACT
Neuromodulation
is
crucial
for
advancing
neuroscience
and
treating
neurological
disorders.
However,
traditional
methods
using
rigid
electrodes
have
been
limited
by
large
stimulating
currents,
low
precision,
the
risk
of
tissue
damage.
In
this
work,
we
developed
a
biocompatible
ultraflexible
electrode
array
that
allows
both
neural
recording
spike
firings
low‐threshold,
high‐precision
stimulation
neuromodulation.
Specifically,
mouse
turning
behavior
can
be
effectively
induced
with
approximately
five
microamperes
current,
which
significantly
lower
than
required
conventional
electrodes.
The
array's
densely
packed
microelectrodes
enable
highly
selective
stimulation,
allowing
precise
targeting
specific
brain
areas
critical
behavior.
This
low‐current,
targeted
approach
helps
maintain
health
neurons
electrodes,
as
evidenced
stable
recordings
after
extended
stimulations.
Systematic
validations
confirmed
durability
biocompatibility
Moreover,
flexible
to
brain‐to‐brain
interface
system
human
signals
directly
control
Using
advanced
decoding
methods,
single
individual
issue
eight
commands
simultaneously
behaviors
two
mice.
study
underscores
effectiveness
in
neuromodulation,
opening
new
avenues
interspecies
communication
potential
neuromodulation
applications.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Май 14, 2025
The
somatosensory
cortex
can
be
electrically
stimulated
via
intracortical
microelectrode
arrays
(MEAs)
to
induce
a
range
of
vibrotactile
sensations.
While
previous
studies
have
employed
multi-shank
MEA
configurations
map
somatotopic
relationships,
the
influence
cortical
depth
on
sensory
discrimination
remains
relatively
unexplored.
In
this
study,
we
introduce
novel
approach
for
investigating
spatial
limits
stimulation-evoked
based
and
relationships
in
rodents.
To
achieve
this,
implanted
single-shank
four-shank
16-channel
MEAs
into
primary
male
rats.
Then,
defined
distinct
stimulation
patterns
comparison,
each
consisting
four
simultaneously
electrode
sites
separated
along
length
device
or
between
shanks
device.
Next,
utilized
nose-poking,
two-choice
task
evaluate
rat's
ability
accurately
differentiate
these
patterns.
We
demonstrate
that
rats
were
able
reliably
discriminate
most
superficial
(450-750
μm)
deepest
(1650-1950
with
90%
accuracy,
whereas
next
adjacent
pattern
(650-950
significantly
dropped
53%
(p
<
0.05).
Similarly,
group,
accuracy
was
88%
furthest
pairs
(375
μm
difference)
but
fell
62%
0.05)
closest
(125
difference).
Overall,
subjects
could
robustly
stimuli
by
800
column
whereas,
animals
delivered
from
250
μm.
Results
showed
when
distances
decreased,
had
reduced
discriminable
suggesting
greater
difficulty
differentiating
closely
positioned
stimuli.
better
understand
results,
also
computational
modeling
compare
our
in-vivo
results
against
neuronal
activation
volumes
presented
biophysically
realistic
model
cortex.
These
simulations
displayed
overlapping
activated
neurons
antidromic
propagation
axons
pair,
potentially
influencing
limits.
This
work,
which
offers
insight
how
physical
separation
stimulating
maps
discernable
percepts,
informs
design
considerations
future
microstimulation
arrays.
Progress in Biomedical Engineering,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
6(1), С. 012001 - 012001
Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023
Abstract
While
the
importance
of
thin
form
factor
and
mechanical
tissue
biocompatibility
has
been
made
clear
for
next
generation
bioelectronic
implants,
material
systems
meeting
these
criteria
still
have
not
demonstrated
sufficient
long-term
durability.
This
review
provides
an
update
on
materials
used
in
modern
implants
as
substrates
protective
encapsulations,
with
a
particular
focus
flexible
conformable
devices.
We
how
film
encapsulations
are
known
to
fail
due
stresses
environmental
surroundings
under
processing
operating
conditions.
information
is
then
reflected
recommending
state-of-the-art
encapsulation
strategies
designing
mechanically
reliable
interfaces.
Finally,
we
assess
methods
evaluate
novel
implant
devices
current
state
their
longevity
based
substrate
materials.
also
provide
insights
future
testing
engineer
long-lived
more
effectively
make
implantable
bioelectronics
viable
option
chronic
diseases
accordance
each
patient’s
therapeutic
timescale.
Micromachines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(4), С. 447 - 447
Опубликована: Март 27, 2024
Recent
advancements
in
neural
probe
technology
have
become
pivotal
both
neuroscience
research
and
the
clinical
management
of
neurological
disorders.
State-of-the-art
developments
led
to
advent
multichannel,
high-density
bidirectional
interfaces
that
are
adept
at
recording
modulating
neuronal
activity
within
central
nervous
system.
Despite
this
progress,
extant
probes
designed
for
simultaneous
stimulation
beset
with
limitations,
including
elicitation
inflammatory
responses
insufficient
charge
injection
capacity.
In
paper,
we
delineate
design
application
an
innovative
ultraflexible
engineered
from
polyimide.
This
is
distinguished
by
its
ability
facilitate
high-resolution
recordings
precise
control
deep
brain
regions.
Electrodes
enhanced
a
PEDOT:PSS/IrOx
composite
exhibit
substantial
increase
storage
capacity,
escalating
0.14
±
0.01
mC/cm2
impressive
24.75
0.18
mC/cm2.
augmentation
significantly
bolsters
electrodes'
transfer
efficacy.
tandem,
observed
notable
reduction
electrode
impedance,
3.47
1.77
MΩ
mere
41.88
4.04
kΩ,
while
phase
angle
exhibited
positive
shift
-72.61
1.84°
-34.17
0.42°.
To
substantiate
functional
prowess,
conducted
vivo
experiments,
where
were
surgically
implanted
into
bilateral
motor
cortex
mice.
These
experiments
involved
synchronous
meticulous
analysis
signal
fluctuations
during
assessment
probes'
proficiency
directional
turning
behaviors
subjects.
The
empirical
evidence
corroborates
targeted
mice
can
modulate
intensity
signals
stimulated
locale,
enabling
mice's
behavior
contralateral
side
site.