Cellular morphodynamics and signaling around the transcellular passage cleft during rhizobial infections of legume roots

Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 91, С. 102436 - 102436

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Legume roots allow intracellular infections of rhizobia to establish the mutualistic root nodule symbiosis. During this colonization event, specialized and membrane-defined infection threads provide host-controlled path for bacteria through multilayered tissue reach a newly developing organ, nodule. On way, have propagate transcellularly thus overcome cell wall barriers. This process not only requires continuous molecular surveillance invading microbe but also structural adaptations extracellular matrix components in spatially confined manner leading formation novel compartment that we term "transcellular passage cleft" (TPC). Here, review mechanisms signaling events around TPC propose step-wise model formation.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating biological nitrogen fixation via single-cell transcriptomics

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

Abstract The extensive use of nitrogen fertilizers has detrimental environmental consequences, and it is essential for society to explore sustainable alternatives. One promising avenue engineering root nodule symbiosis, a naturally occurring process in certain plant species within the nitrogen-fixing clade, into non-leguminous crops. Advancements single-cell transcriptomics provide unprecedented opportunities dissect molecular mechanisms underlying symbiosis at cellular level. This review summarizes key findings from studies Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max. We highlight how these address fundamental questions about development including following findings: (i) revealed conserved transcriptional program hair cortical cells during rhizobial infection, suggesting common infection pathway across legume species; (ii) characterization determinate indeterminate nodules using technologies supports compartmentalization fixation, assimilation, transport distinct cell populations; (iii) data have enabled identification novel genes provided new approaches prioritizing candidate functional characterization; (iv) trajectory inference RNA velocity analyses allowed reconstruction lineages dynamic states symbiosis.

Язык: Английский

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TML1 and TML2 synergistically regulate nodulation and affect arbuscular mycorrhiza in Medicago truncatula

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024

Two symbiotic processes, nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhiza, are primarily controlled by the plant’s need for nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P), respectively. Autoregulation of (AON) autoregulation mycorrhizal symbiosis (AOM) both negatively regulate their respective processes share multiple components—plants that make too many nodules usually have higher mycorrhiza (AM) fungal root colonization. The protein TML (TOO MUCH LOVE) was shown to function in roots maintain susceptibly rhizobial infection under low N conditions control nodule number through AON Lotus japonicus . Medicago truncatula has two sequence homologs: Mt TML1 TML2. We report generation stable single double mutants harboring allelic variations MtTML1 MtTML2 using CRISPR–Cas9 targeted mutagenesis screening a transposon library. Plants containing mutations or TML2 produced three times wild-type plants, whereas plants genes displayed synergistic effect, forming 20× more compared plants. Examination expression heterozygote effects suggests genetic compensation may play role observed synergy. with s only showed mild increases AM colonization at later timepoints our experiments, suggesting these also minor regulation. created will be useful tools dissect mechanism action M. beneficial microbes.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing our understanding of root development: Technologies and insights from diverse studies

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

Understanding root development is critical for enhancing plant growth and health, advanced technologies are essential unraveling the complexities of these processes. In this review, we highlight select technological innovations in study development, with a focus on transformative impact single-cell gene expression analysis. We provide high-level overview recent advancements, illustrating how RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become pivotal tool biology. scRNA-seq revolutionized biology by enabling detailed, cell-specific analysis expression. This allowed researchers to create comprehensive atlases, predict cell map regulatory networks (GRNs) unprecedented precision. Complementary technologies, such as multimodal profiling bioinformatics, further enrich our understanding cellular dynamics interactions. Innovations imaging modeling, combined genetic tools like CRISPR, continue deepen knowledge formation function. Moreover, integration biosensors microfluidic devices ability plant-microbe interactions phytohormone signaling at high resolution. These collectively more system architecture its regulation environmental factors. As evolve, they promise drive breakthroughs science, substantial implications agriculture sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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