Biologically Realistic Computational Primitives of Neocortex Implemented on Neuromorphic Hardware Improve Vision Transformer Performance

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2024

Understanding the computational principles of brain and replicating them on neuromorphic hardware modern deep learning architectures is crucial for advancing neuro-inspired AI (NeuroAI). Here, we develop an experimentally-constrained biophysical network model neocortical circuit motifs, focusing layers 2-3 primary visual cortex (V1). We investigate role four major cortical interneuron classes in a competitive-cooperative primitive validate these motifs implemented soft winner-take-all (sWTA) computation gain modulation, signal restoration, context-dependent multistability. Using novel parameter mapping technique, configured IBM’s TrueNorth (TN) chip to implement sWTA computations, mirroring biological neural dynamics. Retrospectively, observed strong correspondence between TN parameters, particularly roles key inhibitory neuron classes: Parvalbumin (feedforward inhibition), Somatostatin (feedback VIP (disinhibition), LAMP5 (gain normalization). Moreover, sparse coupling this motif was also able simulate two-state state machine chip, working memory dynamics essential cognitive tasks. Additionally, integrating as preprocessing layer Vision Transformer (ViT) enhanced its performance MNIST digit classification task, demonstrating improved generalization previously unseen data suggesting mechanism akin zero-shot learning. Our approach provides framework translating brain-inspired computations hardware, with potential applications platforms like Intel’s Loihi2 Northpole. By biophysically accurate models advanced techniques, offer comprehensive roadmap embedding into NeuroAI systems.

Язык: Английский

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Primary auditory thalamus relays directly to cortical layer 1 interneurons

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Inhibitory interneurons within cortical layer 1 (L1-INs) integrate inputs from diverse brain regions to modulate sensory processing and plasticity, but the that recruit these have not been identified. Here we used monosynaptic retrograde tracing whole-cell electrophysiology characterize thalamic onto two major subpopulations of L1-INs in mouse auditory cortex. We find vast majority unexpectedly arise ventral subdivision medial geniculate body (MGBv), tonotopically-organized primary thalamus. Moreover, receive robust functional MGBv are comparable those recorded L4 excitatory pyramidal neurons. Our findings identify a direct pathway thalamus L1-INs, suggesting uniquely positioned conveying precise information with top-down carrying about states learned associations.

Язык: Английский

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Single-cell profiling of cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex shows molecular structure preservation and massive reorganization of metabolism

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024

Abstract Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystemic genetic disorder associated with loss-of-function mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, which lead mTOR pathway hyperactivation and epileptogenesis. Cortical tubers are hallmark of TSC represent disorganized cortical structure underlying generation focal seizures. Here, we report single-nucleus RNA sequencing resected vs matched pediatric controls. Strikingly, spite severe disorganization, found that preserve all neuronal subtypes, even rarest ones. Moreover, showed principal neurons largely spatial position based on transcriptional signatures. Principal layer 1-2 GABAergic modulate upper circuits exhibited largest gene expression changes. Interestingly, multiple changes counteracted hyperactivation. neuronal, but not glial, networks massive metabolic reorganization reduction mitochondrial respiration concomitant switch to fatty acid metabolism. Finally, show neuron-specific AMPA receptor signaling might underlie epileptogenesis could potential candidate for therapeutic targeting.

Язык: Английский

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