Task and Behavior-Related Variables Are Encoded by the Postrhinal and Medial Entorhinal Cortex During Non-Spatial Associative Learning

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is pivotal in spatial computations and episodic memory. In particular, an animal’s position can be decoded from the activity of grid cells. However, it remains elusive whether MEC could play a more general role different types associative learning how representations develop during process. It has been shown that postrhinal (POR), which directly connected to MEC, integrates visual stimuli with salient outcomes. Here, we use non-spatial association task investigate neurons represent low-level cues learning. Using Go/NoGo task, recorded neural POR throughout phase as mice associated drifting gratings rewarded, aversive, or neutral outcomes.Our findings reveal tuning curves both change task. From start training, exhibited response cues, was stable cue orientations contrast, did not initially respond very strongly but developed robust toward rewarded trials. While MEC’s representation information limited, encoded other elements. A large fraction formed distinct functional clusters were either activated suppressed by reward-related behavior. Remarkably, these segregated anatomically maintained strong within-cluster correlations before after training. Notably, although same apparent POR, they show any anatomical structure MEC. Task reversal induced significant changes network responses across regions, decrease overall task-responsive slight increase stimulus representation. Strikingly, about choice lick emerged brain areas, most significantly within cell representing reward consumption plus-cue stimulus. Our results demonstrate behavior-modulated exhibits stronger organization. Conversely, population less structural organization specific stimulus-tuning, reflective being higher area. encode task– behavior-related variables beyond information.

Язык: Английский

Task and Behavior-Related Variables Are Encoded by the Postrhinal and Medial Entorhinal Cortex During Non-Spatial Associative Learning

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is pivotal in spatial computations and episodic memory. In particular, an animal’s position can be decoded from the activity of grid cells. However, it remains elusive whether MEC could play a more general role different types associative learning how representations develop during process. It has been shown that postrhinal (POR), which directly connected to MEC, integrates visual stimuli with salient outcomes. Here, we use non-spatial association task investigate neurons represent low-level cues learning. Using Go/NoGo task, recorded neural POR throughout phase as mice associated drifting gratings rewarded, aversive, or neutral outcomes.Our findings reveal tuning curves both change task. From start training, exhibited response cues, was stable cue orientations contrast, did not initially respond very strongly but developed robust toward rewarded trials. While MEC’s representation information limited, encoded other elements. A large fraction formed distinct functional clusters were either activated suppressed by reward-related behavior. Remarkably, these segregated anatomically maintained strong within-cluster correlations before after training. Notably, although same apparent POR, they show any anatomical structure MEC. Task reversal induced significant changes network responses across regions, decrease overall task-responsive slight increase stimulus representation. Strikingly, about choice lick emerged brain areas, most significantly within cell representing reward consumption plus-cue stimulus. Our results demonstrate behavior-modulated exhibits stronger organization. Conversely, population less structural organization specific stimulus-tuning, reflective being higher area. encode task– behavior-related variables beyond information.

Язык: Английский

Electroacupuncture alleviates the relapse of behaviors associated with pain sensory memory and pain-related aversive memory by activating MORs and inhibiting GABAergic neurons in the insular cortex

Brain Research Bulletin, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 111394 - 111394

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Pain memory, which includes sensory and emotional is one of the main causes pain complications prolongation. Recent research has identified insular cortex (IC) as a critical brain region involved in integration information pertaining to pain, emotion, reward, cognition memory. GABAergic neuronal activity IC been demonstrated be strongly correlated with manifestation pain-related aversive behavior. Electroacupuncture (EA) relieves memory by activating μ opioid receptors (MORs) IC. The results this study demonstrate that MORs may inhibit neuron thus alleviate relapse behaviors associated such was found alleviated EA model mice; however, antagonism reversed therapeutic effect EA. In consideration these findings, we suggest affect through activation thereby alleviating provides novel insights into mechanisms chronic

Язык: Английский