Perspective Chapter: The Double Edge Sword – Modulations of Inflammatory Responses – Parasite Survival Strategy or Host Tolerance Mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Diana Ahu Prah, Henrietta Mensah-Brown, Yaw Aniweh

и другие.

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024

Parasite organisms, including Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, and Helminths, rely on the host for survival, causing considerable morbidity mortality in endemic regions. It is generally acknowledged that clinical symptoms associated with parasitic infection are driven part by exuberant pro-inflammatory cytokines produced when organism interacts innate immune system. Consequently, has evolved regulatory responses to limit excessive order tolerate damage caused parasite or avoid immune-mediated pathology. However, suppressing appears be detrimental removal, promoting pathogen persistence. Notably, parasites have also strategies exploiting host’s inflammatory elimination cause chronic infections. Thus, modulation of results a permissive environment, protecting against tissue injury while simultaneously allowing survive, complete its life cycle, spread Host modifications following natural infections can particularly challenging vaccination efforts, especially If system infrequently infected individuals adapts frequent antigenic stimulation, cells becoming hypo responsive further antigen then even may fail achieve necessary protection.

Язык: Английский

Interplay of Malaria and COVID-19: Implications for Co-infection DOI Creative Commons

Anu Shibi Anilkumar,

Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran

LabMed discovery., Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100041 - 100041

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Coinfection of COVID-19 and malaria: clinical profiles, interactions, and strategies for effective control DOI Creative Commons

Mu-Zi He,

Haiting Zhang, Yi Yang

и другие.

Malaria Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2025

Since SARS-CoV-2 has caused unprecedented changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases, investigations on coinfection between and one famous vector-borne malaria, are crucial for disease control, especially malaria-endemic areas. The clinical profiles, possible mechanisms interactions, representative control measures COVID-19 malaria coinfections have recently garnered public attention. overlap epidemiology, infection incubation, symptoms been thoroughly discussed to provide a detailed diagnostic procedure coinfections, thereby guiding appropriate interventions. Immunological genetic evidence shown that previous exposure may protect body from poor prognosis COVID-19. ACE2 downregulation TLR-induced pathways play role this protective effect, as do CD8 + CD4 T-cell activation coinhibitory receptor upregulation, which help maintain balance immune reactions. Finally, multiple were discussed, efforts enriched context These included (1) developing vaccinations; (2) evaluating efficacy anti-malarial drugs treatment; (3) exploring recent advances natural products potentially useful (4) researching implementing bioinsecticides such gene-driven mosquitoes, fungi, bacterial symbionts; (5) improving national electronic surveillance platforms regions. At last, above findings summarized valuable lessons about expedite further with complex presentations.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
High SARS-CoV-2 seroincidence but low excess COVID mortality in Sierra Leone in 2020–2022 DOI Creative Commons

Ahmed Osman,

Ashley Aimone, Rashid Ansumana

и другие.

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(9), С. e0003411 - e0003411

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024

While SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to have spread widely throughout Africa, documentation of associated mortality is limited. We implemented a representative serosurvey in one city Sierra Leone Western paired with nationally and selected death registration data. Cumulative seroincidence using high quality serological assays was 69% by July 2021, rising 84% April 2022, mostly preceding vaccination. About half infections showed evidence neutralizing antibodies. However, excess rates were low, concentrated at older ages. During the peak weeks viral activity, 22% for individuals aged 30–69 years 70% those over 70. Based on electronic verbal autopsy dual independent physician assignment causes, deaths during peaks from respiratory notable. Excess differed little across specific causes that, priori, are COVID, pattern consistent among adults or without chronic disease risk factors. The overall 6% ages ≥30 2020–2022 markedly lower than reported South India, Latin America. Thus, while widespread, our study highlights as yet unidentified mechanisms heterogeneity susceptibility severe parts Africa.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Perspective Chapter: The Double Edge Sword – Modulations of Inflammatory Responses – Parasite Survival Strategy or Host Tolerance Mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Diana Ahu Prah, Henrietta Mensah-Brown, Yaw Aniweh

и другие.

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024

Parasite organisms, including Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, and Helminths, rely on the host for survival, causing considerable morbidity mortality in endemic regions. It is generally acknowledged that clinical symptoms associated with parasitic infection are driven part by exuberant pro-inflammatory cytokines produced when organism interacts innate immune system. Consequently, has evolved regulatory responses to limit excessive order tolerate damage caused parasite or avoid immune-mediated pathology. However, suppressing appears be detrimental removal, promoting pathogen persistence. Notably, parasites have also strategies exploiting host’s inflammatory elimination cause chronic infections. Thus, modulation of results a permissive environment, protecting against tissue injury while simultaneously allowing survive, complete its life cycle, spread Host modifications following natural infections can particularly challenging vaccination efforts, especially If system infrequently infected individuals adapts frequent antigenic stimulation, cells becoming hypo responsive further antigen then even may fail achieve necessary protection.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0