What defines a healthy gut microbiome?

Gut, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(11), С. 1893 - 1908

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred such as first next generation probiotics, prebiotics postbiotics, microbiota editing faecal transplantation. Central research is how disease impacts vice versa, yet there a problematic issue with term 'dysbiosis', which broadly links microbial imbalances various illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant discussions defining 'healthy individuals' ascertain what characterises healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents healthiest segment our population-whether it those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise good nutrition even elderly adults centenarians have been tested by time achieved remarkable longevity.This review advocates for delineating 'what defines microbiome?' considering broader range factors related health environmental influences on microbiota. A undoubtedly linked gut health. Nevertheless, very difficult pinpoint universally accepted definition 'gut health' due complexities measuring functionality besides composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, diet, lifestyle, host factors. Moreover, challenge distinguishing causation correlation between overall presented.The also highlights resource-heavy nature comprehensive assessments, hinders their practicality broad application. Finally, we call continued nuanced approach better understand intricate evolving concept health, emphasising need more precise inclusive definitions methodologies studying

Язык: Английский

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A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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In-feed bacitracin methylene disalicylate alters microbiota function and increases antibiotic resistance in a dose-dependent manner

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Abstract Antibiotics are commonly used in turkey production to prevent and treat infection which can improve animal growth efficiency, but the mechanism by antibiotics performance, resistance risks associated with antibiotic inclusion levels remain unclear, particularly production. Therefore, we investigated longitudinal effect of subtherapeutic therapeutic doses bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on genes, mobile genetic elements, metabolism genes analyzing cecal metagenome. The dose BMD increased a vast array resistant (ARGs), conjugation-related type IV secretion system transduction-related for length experiment (78 days), while smaller, transient was observed due dose. Estimated bacterial rate, estimated metagenome assembled genome sequence coverage, decreased after 7 days in-feed BMD, group over time. Tryptophan synthesis from chorismate dose-dependent manner between - 35. Overall, effects microbiota temporary those were longer lasting. This study shows that antimicrobial belonging multiple classes, elements (MGEs) administration. enrichment these risk feed additives. BMD’s tryptophan provides potential metabolic target developing non-antibiotic microbiome modulatory promoters Importance Antibiotic use agricultural animals remains hotly debated important topic human, animal, environmental health. responses an fed additive allowed at both doses, not well understood. highlights is stronger selective pressure than related horizontal gene transfer. indicates could select bacteria may pose human Additionally, this highlighted activity beneficially bacteria, therefore be concentration metabolites (especially related) cecum. indicate promoting suppress generally, rather allowing beneficial generate metabolites.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of parental care on skin microbial community composition in poison frogs

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Parent-offspring interactions constitute the first contact of many newborns with their environment, priming community assembly microbes through priority effects. Early exposure to can have lasting influences on and functionality host’s microbiota, leaving a life-long imprint host health disease. Studies role played by parental care in microbial acquisition primarily focused humans hosts agricultural relevance. Anuran vertebrates offer opportunity examine composition across life stages as function investment. In this study, we investigate vertical transmission microbiota during poison frog (Family Dendrobatidae ), where fathers transport offspring piggyback-style from terrestrial clutches aquatic nurseries. We found that substantial bacterial colonization embryo begins after hatching vitelline envelope, emphasizing its potential barrier early development. Using laboratory cross-foster experiment, demonstrated frogs performing tadpole serve source skin for tadpoles back. To study how impacts communities an ecologically relevant setting, sampled sympatric species do or not exhibit natural habitat. more diverse associated transporting compared non-transporting frog. However, detected no difference degree similarity between adult microbiotas, based whether exhibits behavior not. field confirmed result persistent isolated taxa caregiver’s skin, albeit often at low prevalence. This is describe anuran amphibians, showing may mechanism microbes. Overall, these findings provide foundation further research order host-associated physiology.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of parental care on skin microbial community composition in poison frogs

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Parent-offspring interactions constitute the first contact of many newborns with their environment, priming community assembly microbes through priority effects. Early exposure to can have lasting influences on and functionality host’s microbiota, leaving a life-long imprint host health disease. Studies role played by parental care in microbial acquisition primarily focused humans hosts agricultural relevance. Anuran vertebrates offer opportunity examine composition across life stages as function investment. In this study, we investigate vertical transmission microbiota during poison frog (Family Dendrobatidae ), where fathers transport offspring piggyback-style from terrestrial clutches aquatic nurseries. We found that substantial bacterial colonization embryo begins after hatching vitelline envelope, emphasizing its potential barrier early development. Using laboratory cross-foster experiment, demonstrated frogs performing tadpole serve source skin for tadpoles back. To study how impacts communities an ecologically relevant setting, sampled sympatric species do or not exhibit natural habitat. more diverse associated transporting compared non-transporting frog. However, detected no difference degree similarity between adult microbiotas, based whether exhibits behavior not. field confirmed result persistent isolated taxa caregiver’s skin, albeit often at low prevalence. This is describe anuran amphibians, showing may mechanism microbes. Overall, these findings provide foundation further research order host-associated physiology.

Язык: Английский

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Maternal Vaginal and Fecal Microbiota in Later Pregnancy Contribute to Child Fecal Microbiota Development in the ECHO Cohort

iScience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(4), С. 112211 - 112211

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

There is growing interest in the use of microbial-seeding interventions to mitigate impacts prenatal antibiotics, C-section, and lack breastfeeding on mother-child microbe sharing. However, relative importance maternal vaginal vs. fecal microbiota this process unclear. Analyzing 16S rRNA sequences from five US birth cohorts, we found that became more similar as pregnancy progressed, both niches influenced child's microbiota. The contribution increased when sampling occurred later gestation. As children aged 5 years, their increasingly resembled mother's compared Patterns sharing appeared differ by antibiotic use, mode (C-section vaginal), breastfeeding. Our findings enhance understanding niche-specific may inform interventions. Metagenomic studies are needed identify specific shared strains.

Язык: Английский

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Human microbiome acquisition and transmission

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Colonization in Early Life Influences Susceptibility to Adulthood Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in High‐Fat‐Diet‐Fed Mice

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025

Abstract The global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) has a rising trend. Developmental Origins Health and (DOHaD) theory assumes that MAFLD develops throughout the entire lifecycle but it originates in early life. This study aimed to investigate influence early‐life gut microbiota colonization on susceptibility adulthood hepatic lipid accumulation high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐fed mice. results showed perinatal AM exposure exacerbated altered profile HFD‐fed male not female offspring. Perinatal does affect metabolic genes adult Instead, inhibited intestinal bile acid (BA) metabolism reduce secondary BAs production, thereby promoting dietary absorption. Mechanistically, permanently reduces species diversity microbial community impairs its structure function by disrupting colonization. Supplementing Lactobacillus during lactation improved BA metabolism, alleviating HFD‐induced deposition. These suggest disruption elevates absorption probiotics may be an effective strategy for preventing MAFLD.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical translation of microbiome research

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota development across the lifespan: Disease links and health‐promoting interventions

Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human life and undergoes dynamic changes throughout the lifespan, from infancy to old age. During our life, influences health disease across stages. This review summarizes discussions presentations symposium “Gut development age” held collaboration with Journal of Internal Medicine. In early infancy, microbial colonization is shaped by factors such as mode delivery, antibiotic exposure, milk‐feeding practices, laying foundation for subsequent increased diversity maturation. Throughout childhood adolescence, maturation continues, influencing immune metabolic health. adulthood, reaches relatively stable state, influenced genetics, diet, lifestyle. Notably, disruptions composition have been implicated various inflammatory diseases—including bowel disease, Type 1 diabetes, allergies. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests connection between dysbiosis neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer's disease. Understanding pathogenesis stages provides insights into potential therapeutic interventions. Probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, well fecal transplantation, are being explored promising strategies promote healthy mitigate risks. focuses on microbiota's aging, addressing its development, stability, alterations linked these critical It outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing improve

Язык: Английский

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