World Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
7(1), С. 1 - 1
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017
Pluripotent
stem
cells
have
the
remarkable
self-renewal
ability
and
are
capable
of
differentiating
into
multiple
diverse
cells.There
is
increasing
evidence
that
aging
process
can
adverse
effects
on
cells.As
age,
their
renewal
deteriorates
to
differentiate
various
cell
types
altered.Accordingly,
it
suggested
aging-induced
deterioration
functions
may
play
a
key
role
in
pathophysiology
aging-associated
disorders.Understanding
function
crucial,
not
only
understanding
agingassociated
disorders,
but
also
future
development
novel
effective
cell-based
therapies
treat
diseases.This
review
article
first
focuses
basis
disease-related
dysfunction.It
then
addresses
several
concepts
potential
mechanism
causes
aging-related
briefly
discusses
current
under
for
defects.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
99(1), С. 427 - 511
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2018
Sarcopenia
is
a
loss
of
muscle
mass
and
function
in
the
elderly
that
reduces
mobility,
diminishes
quality
life,
can
lead
to
fall-related
injuries,
which
require
costly
hospitalization
extended
rehabilitation.
This
review
focuses
on
aging-related
structural
changes
mechanisms
at
cellular
subcellular
levels
underlying
individual
motor
unit:
specifically,
perikaryon
α-motoneuron,
its
neuromuscular
junction(s),
fibers
it
innervates.
Loss
with
aging,
largely
due
progressive
motoneurons,
associated
reduced
fiber
number
size.
Muscle
progressively
declines
because
motoneuron
not
adequately
compensated
by
reinnervation
remaining
motoneurons.
At
intracellular
level,
key
factors
are
qualitative
posttranslational
modifications
proteins
coordinated
control
between
contractile,
mitochondrial,
sarcoplasmic
reticulum
protein
expression.
Quantitative
skeletal
during
process
aging
also
have
been
implicated
pathogenesis
acquired
hereditary
disorders.
In
experimental
models,
specific
intervention
strategies
shown
encouraging
results
limiting
deterioration
unit
structure
under
conditions
impaired
innervation.
Translated
clinic,
if
these
or
similar
interventions,
saving
improving
could
help
alleviate
sarcopenia
elderly,
there
would
be
both
great
humanitarian
benefits
large
cost
savings
for
health
care
systems.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
8(5), С. a021873 - a021873
Опубликована: Май 1, 2016
The
transforming
growth
factor-β
(TGF-β)
is
the
prototype
of
TGF-β
family
and
differentiation
factors,
which
encoded
by
33
genes
in
mammals
comprises
homo-
heterodimers.
This
review
introduces
reader
to
with
its
complexity
names
biological
activities.
It
also
as
best-studied
factor
among
proteins,
diversity
roles
control
cell
proliferation
differentiation,
wound
healing
immune
system,
key
pathology,
for
example,
skeletal
diseases,
fibrosis,
cancer.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
11(1), С. e0147198 - e0147198
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2016
Background
A
longstanding
goal
in
regenerative
medicine
is
to
reconstitute
functional
tissus
or
organs
after
injury
disease.
Attention
has
focused
on
the
identification
and
relative
contribution
of
tissue
specific
stem
cells
regeneration
process.
Relatively
little
known
about
how
physiological
process
regulated
by
other
constituents.
Numerous
models
are
used
investigate
regeneration,
however,
these
often
poorly
understood.
Specifically,
for
skeletal
muscle
several
reported
literature,
yet
impact
physiology
distinct
types
have
not
been
extensively
characterised.
Methods
We
transgenic
Tg:Pax7nGFP
Flk1GFP/+
mouse
respectively
count
number
(satellite)
(SC)
number/shape
vessels
confocal
microscopy.
performed
histological
immunostainings
assess
differences
key
steps.
Infiltration
immune
cells,
chemokines
cytokines
production
was
assessed
vivo
Luminex®.
Results
compared
4
most
commonly
i.e.
freeze
(FI),
barium
chloride
(BaCl2),
notexin
(NTX)
cardiotoxin
(CTX).
The
FI
damaging.
In
this
model,
up
96%
SCs
destroyed
with
their
surrounding
environment
(basal
lamina
vasculature)
leaving
a
"dead
zone"
devoid
viable
cells.
itself
fulfilled
all
virtually
no
fibrosis
28
days
post-injury,
except
model.
Inflammatory
return
basal
levels
CTX,
BaCl2
but
still
significantly
high
1-month
post-injury
NTX
models.
Interestingly
SC
returned
normal
only
FI,
that
cycling
3-months
induction
Conclusions
Our
studies
show
nature
model
should
be
chosen
carefully
depending
experimental
design
desired
outcome.
Although
regenerates
completely,
trajectories
vary
considerably.
Furthermore,
we
parameters
wholly
sufficient
declare
complete
as
molecular
alterations
(e.g.
SCs,
cytokines)
could
major
persistent
impact.
Science,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
350(6265), С. 1199 - 1204
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2015
Research
into
stem
cells
and
aging
aims
to
understand
how
maintain
tissue
health,
what
mechanisms
ultimately
lead
decline
in
cell
function
with
age,
the
regenerative
capacity
of
somatic
can
be
enhanced
promote
healthy
aging.
Here,
we
explore
effects
on
different
tissues.
Recent
research
has
focused
ways
that
genetic
mutations,
epigenetic
changes,
extrinsic
environmental
milieu
influence
functionality
over
time.
We
describe
each
these
three
factors,
which
they
interact,
interactions
decrease
health
are
optimistic
a
better
understanding
changes
will
uncover
potential
strategies
enhance
increase
resiliency
old
age.
Ageing Research Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
65, С. 101200 - 101200
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2020
Sarcopenia
represents
a
muscle-wasting
syndrome
characterized
by
progressive
and
generalized
degenerative
loss
of
skeletal
muscle
mass,
quality,
strength
occurring
during
normal
aging.
patients
are
mainly
suffering
from
the
in
faced
with
mobility
disorders
reducing
their
quality
life
are,
therefore,
at
higher
risk
for
morbidity
(falls,
bone
fracture,
metabolic
diseases)
mortality.
Several
molecular
mechanisms
have
been
described
as
causes
sarcopenia
that
refer
to
very
different
levels
physiology.
These
cover
e.
g.
function
hormones
(e.
IGF-1
Insulin),
fiber
composition
neuromuscular
drive,
myo-satellite
cell
potential
differentiate
proliferate,
inflammatory
pathways
well
intracellular
processes
proteostasis
mitochondrial
function.
In
this
review,
we
describe
distinct
other
atrophic
diseases
summarize
current
view
on
development
open
questions
provoking
further
research
efforts
establishing
efficient
lifestyle
therapeutic
interventions.
