Summary
Evidence
is
increasing
that
disturbances
in
the
gut
microbiome
may
play
a
significant
role
etiology
of
obesity
and
type
2
diabetes.
The
short
chain
fatty
acid
butyrate,
major
end
product
bacterial
fermentation
indigestible
carbohydrates,
reputed
to
have
anti‐inflammatory
properties
positive
effects
on
body
weight
control
insulin
sensitivity.
However,
whether
butyrate
has
therapeutic
potential
for
treatment
prevention
obesity‐related
complications
remains
be
elucidated.
Overall,
animal
studies
strongly
indicate
administered
via
various
routes
(e.g.,
orally)
positively
affects
adipose
tissue
metabolism
functioning,
energy
substrate
metabolism,
systemic
tissue‐specific
inflammation,
sensitivity
control.
A
limited
number
human
demonstrated
interindividual
differences
clinical
effectiveness
suggesting
outcomes
depend
metabolic,
microbial,
lifestyle‐related
characteristics
target
population.
Hence,
despite
abundant
evidence
from
data,
support
data
urgently
required
implementation
evidence‐based
oral
gut‐derived
interventions.
To
increase
efficacy
butyrate‐focused
interventions,
future
research
should
investigate
which
factors
impact
including
baseline
microbial
activity
functionality,
thereby
optimizing
targeted‐interventions
identifying
individuals
merit
most
such
Gut,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
71(5), С. 1020 - 1032
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
is
now
considered
as
one
of
the
key
elements
contributing
to
regulation
host
health.
Virtually
all
our
body
sites
are
colonised
by
microbes
suggesting
different
types
crosstalk
with
organs.
Because
development
molecular
tools
and
techniques
(ie,
metagenomic,
metabolomic,
lipidomic,
metatranscriptomic),
complex
interactions
occurring
between
microorganisms
progressively
being
deciphered.
Nowadays,
deviations
linked
many
diseases
including
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
hepatic
steatosis,
intestinal
bowel
(IBDs)
several
cancer.
Thus,
that
various
pathways
involved
in
immunity,
energy,
lipid
glucose
metabolism
affected.
In
this
review,
specific
attention
given
provide
a
critical
evaluation
current
understanding
field.
Numerous
mechanisms
explaining
how
bacteria
might
be
causally
protection
or
onset
discussed.
We
examine
well-established
metabolites
short-chain
fatty
acids,
bile
trimethylamine
N-oxide)
extend
more
recently
identified
actors
endocannabinoids,
bioactive
lipids,
phenolic-derived
compounds,
advanced
glycation
end
products
enterosynes)
their
receptors
such
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
alpha
(PPARα)
gamma
(PPARγ),
aryl
hydrocarbon
(AhR),
G
protein-coupled
GPR41,
GPR43,
GPR119,
Takeda
5).
Altogether,
complexity
aspects
linking
health
will
help
set
basis
for
novel
therapies
already
developed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(3), С. 1105 - 1105
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022
Gut
microbiota
encompasses
a
wide
variety
of
commensal
microorganisms
consisting
trillions
bacteria,
fungi,
and
viruses.
This
microbial
population
coexists
in
symbiosis
with
the
host,
related
metabolites
have
profound
effects
on
human
health.
In
this
respect,
gut
plays
pivotal
role
regulation
metabolic,
endocrine,
immune
functions.
Bacterial
include
short
chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
acetate
(C2),
propionate
(C3),
butyrate
(C4),
which
are
most
abundant
SCFAs
body
anions
colon.
made
from
fermentation
dietary
fiber
resistant
starch
gut.
They
modulate
several
metabolic
pathways
involved
obesity,
insulin
resistance,
type
2
diabetes.
Thus,
diet
might
influence
composition
activity,
production,
effects.
narrative
review,
we
discuss
relevant
research
focusing
relationship
between
microbiota,
SCFAs,
glucose
metabolism.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Март 17, 2021
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
huge
microbial
community
that
plays
an
irreplaceable
role
in
life.
With
the
further
development
of
research,
influence
intestinal
flora
on
diseases
has
been
gradually
excavated.
Gut
microbiota
(GM)
dysbiosis
adverse
health
effects
body
will
lead
to
variety
chronic
diseases.
underlying
mechanisms
GM
are
incredibly
complicated.
This
review
focuses
regulation
and
mechanism
neurodegenerative
diseases,
cardiovascular
metabolic
gastrointestinal
thus
providing
potential
target
for
prevention
treatment
disease.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2022
The
centenary
of
insulin
discovery
represents
an
important
opportunity
to
transform
diabetes
from
a
fatal
diagnosis
into
medically
manageable
chronic
condition.
Insulin
is
key
peptide
hormone
and
mediates
the
systemic
glucose
metabolism
in
different
tissues.
resistance
(IR)
disordered
biological
response
for
stimulation
through
disruption
molecular
pathways
target
Acquired
conditions
genetic
factors
have
been
implicated
IR.
Recent
biochemical
studies
suggest
that
dysregulated
metabolic
mediators
released
by
adipose
tissue
including
adipokines,
cytokines,
chemokines,
excess
lipids
toxic
lipid
metabolites
promote
IR
other
associated
with
several
groups
abnormal
syndromes
include
obesity,
diabetes,
dysfunction-associated
fatty
liver
disease
(MAFLD),
cardiovascular
disease,
polycystic
ovary
syndrome
(PCOS),
abnormalities.
Although
no
medication
specifically
approved
treat
IR,
we
summarized
lifestyle
changes
pharmacological
medications
used
as
efficient
intervention
improve
sensitivity.
Ultimately,
systematic
discussion
complex
mechanism
will
help
identify
potential
new
targets
closely
Nature,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
621(7978), С. 389 - 395
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023
Abstract
Insulin
resistance
is
the
primary
pathophysiology
underlying
metabolic
syndrome
and
type
2
diabetes
1,2
.
Previous
metagenomic
studies
have
described
characteristics
of
gut
microbiota
their
roles
in
metabolizing
major
nutrients
insulin
3–9
In
particular,
carbohydrate
metabolism
commensals
has
been
proposed
to
contribute
up
10%
host’s
overall
energy
extraction
10
,
thereby
playing
a
role
pathogenesis
obesity
prediabetes
3,4,6
Nevertheless,
mechanism
remains
unclear.
Here
we
investigate
this
relationship
using
comprehensive
multi-omics
strategy
humans.
We
combine
unbiased
faecal
metabolomics
with
metagenomics,
host
transcriptomics
data
profile
involvement
microbiome
resistance.
These
reveal
that
carbohydrates,
particularly
host-accessible
monosaccharides,
are
increased
individuals
associated
microbial
metabolisms
inflammatory
cytokines.
identify
bacteria
sensitivity
show
distinct
pattern
metabolism,
demonstrate
insulin-sensitivity-associated
ameliorate
phenotypes
mouse
model.
Our
study,
which
provides
view
host–microorganism
relationships
resistance,
reveals
impact
by
microbiota,
suggesting
potential
therapeutic
target
for
ameliorating
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2020
Microbiota-host-diet
interactions
contribute
to
the
development
of
metabolic
diseases.
Imidazole
propionate
is
a
novel
microbially
produced
metabolite
from
histidine,
which
impairs
glucose
metabolism.
Here,
we
show
that
subjects
with
prediabetes
and
diabetes
in
MetaCardis
cohort
three
European
countries
have
elevated
serum
imidazole
levels.
Furthermore,
levels
were
increased
low
bacterial
gene
richness
Bacteroides
2
enterotype,
previously
been
associated
obesity.
The
enterotype
was
also
abundance
genes
involved
biosynthesis
dietary
histidine.
Since
patients
controls
did
not
differ
their
histidine
intake,
type
likely
reflects
altered
microbial
metabolism
rather
than
intake
per
se.
Thus
microbiota
may
by
generating
can
modulate
host
inflammation
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Май 13, 2023
Abstract
In
the
past
period,
due
to
rapid
development
of
next-generation
sequencing
technology,
accumulating
evidence
has
clarified
complex
role
human
microbiota
in
cancer
and
therapeutic
response.
More
importantly,
available
seems
indicate
that
modulating
composition
gut
improve
efficacy
anti-cancer
drugs
may
be
feasible.
However,
intricate
complexities
exist,
a
deep
comprehensive
understanding
how
interacts
with
is
critical
realize
its
full
potential
treatment.
The
purpose
this
review
summarize
initial
clues
on
molecular
mechanisms
regarding
mutual
effects
between
development,
highlight
relationship
microbes
immunotherapy,
chemotherapy,
radiation
therapy
surgery,
which
provide
insights
into
formulation
individualized
strategies
for
management.
addition,
current
emerging
microbial
interventions
as
well
their
clinical
applications
are
summarized.
Although
many
challenges
remain
now,
great
importance
cannot
overstated
strategies,
it
necessary
explore
holistic
approach
incorporates
modulation
cancer.
