Frontiers in Psychology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2019
The
Intelligence
Quotient
(IQ)
tests
and
the
corresponding
psychometric
explanations
dominate
both
scientific
popular
views
about
human
intelligence.
Though
IQ
have
been
in
currency
for
long,
there
exists
a
gap
what
they
are
believed
to
measure
do.
While
index
quality
of
cognitive
functioning
selected
domains
mental
repertoire,
applied
settings
often
inflate
their
predictive
value
leading
an
interpretive
gap.
present
article
contends
that
studying
influence
motivational
affective
processes
on
would
help
evolve
more
psychologically
comprehensive
account
bridge
To
conclude,
suggests
possible
future
research
directions
could
strengthen
tests.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10(6)
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2019
Normal
aging
is
associated
with
a
reduction
in
the
selectivity
of
cognitive
processes
such
as
attention
and
memory.
This
loss
attributed
to
diminished
inhibition
control
mechanisms
older
adults,
which
render
them
more
susceptible
distraction
likely
attend
encode
irrelevant
information.
However,
motivational
appears
largely
preserved
aging.
For
example,
adults
selectively
avoid
high-demand
tasks,
exhibit
positivity
bias
memory,
show
better
memory
for
high-value
compared
low-value
The
aim
this
review
integrate
these
seemingly
paradoxical
findings
reduced
aging,
discuss
potential
neural
mechanisms,
propose
questions
future
research.
article
categorized
under:
Neuroscience
>
Cognition
Psychology
Development
Aging.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
47(8), С. 1503 - 1512
Опубликована: Март 8, 2022
Motivations
shape
our
behaviour:
the
promise
of
reward
invigorates,
while
in
face
punishment,
we
hold
back.
Abnormalities
motivational
processing
are
implicated
clinical
disorders
characterised
by
excessive
habits
and
loss
top-down
control,
notably
substance
behavioural
addictions.
Striatal
frontal
dopamine
have
been
hypothesised
to
play
complementary
roles
respective
generation
control
these
biases.
However,
dopaminergic
interventions
indeed
found
modulate
biases,
previous
pharmacological
studies
used
regionally
non-selective
agents.
Here,
tested
hypothesis
that
controls
balance
between
Pavlovian,
bias-driven
automated
responding
instrumentally
learned
action
values.
Specifically,
examined
whether
selective
enhancement
cortical
either
(i)
enables
adaptive
suppression
Pavlovian
when
biases
maladaptive;
or
(ii)
non-specifically
modulates
degree
responding.
Healthy
individuals
(n
=
35)
received
catechol-o-methyltransferase
(COMT)
inhibitor
tolcapone
a
randomised,
double-blind,
placebo-controlled
cross-over
design,
completed
Go
NoGo
task
known
elicit
In
support
(ii),
globally
decreased
bias.
improved
performance
on
trials
where
bias
was
unhelpful,
but
impaired
bias-congruent
conditions.
These
results
indicate
role
for
regulation
processes
underpinning
over
behaviour.
The
findings
direct
relevance
understanding
neurobiological
mechanisms
addiction
obsessive-compulsive
disorders,
as
well
highlighting
potential
trans-diagnostic
novel
mechanism
address
such
symptoms.
Frontiers in Psychology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2019
The
Intelligence
Quotient
(IQ)
tests
and
the
corresponding
psychometric
explanations
dominate
both
scientific
popular
views
about
human
intelligence.
Though
IQ
have
been
in
currency
for
long,
there
exists
a
gap
what
they
are
believed
to
measure
do.
While
index
quality
of
cognitive
functioning
selected
domains
mental
repertoire,
applied
settings
often
inflate
their
predictive
value
leading
an
interpretive
gap.
present
article
contends
that
studying
influence
motivational
affective
processes
on
would
help
evolve
more
psychologically
comprehensive
account
bridge
To
conclude,
suggests
possible
future
research
directions
could
strengthen
tests.
