Aerogels
are
three-dimensional
nanomaterials
with
low
thermal
conductivity,
density,
high
specific
surface
area,
and
porosity.
They
have
demonstrated
remarkable
performance
advantages
in
insulation,
catalysis,
adsorption
recent
years.
However,
their
inherent
brittleness
weak
skeletal
structure
limit
applications.
In
order
to
improve
the
resilience
expand
capabilities
of
aerogels,
it
is
essential
optimize
intrinsic
properties.
The
chemical
vapor
deposition
(CVD)
method
offers
a
number
advantages,
including
fine
control,
selectivity,
ability
modify
aerogel
both
outer
inner
layer.
This
approach
allows
for
reinforcement
gel
skeleton
while
achieving
functionalization.
paper
reviews
research
progress
modification
by
CVD
focus
on
hydrophobic
modification,
structural
improvement,
antioxidant
catalytic
etc.
light
current
demand
applications
difficulties
encountered
modifying
this
review
proposes
future
directions
CVD.
SiO2
aerogel
is
a
good
thermal
insulation
material,
but
its
porous
nanostructure
makes
it
brittle
and
has
poor
mechanical
property.
with
elastic
property
was
prepared
by
combining
methyltrimethoxysilane
(MTMS)
hexadecyltrimethoxysilane
to
form
composite
organic
silane
precursor.
However,
properties
were
not
significantly
improved.
SiO2/phenolic-modified
modifying
thermosetting
phenolic
resin,
which
effectively
improved
the
of
aerogel.
The
results
show
that
when
molar
ratio
MTMS
in
range
0–0.05,
continue
improve
increase
introduction
hexadecyltrimethoxysilane.
maximum
compressive
strength
can
reach
0.03
MPa,
strain
tolerance
10–18%.
When
mass
resin
within
0–5.5,
modified
presents
nanoscale
gel
network
structure.
0.048
nearly
60%
higher
than
before
modification.
allowable
14.7–17.5%.
After
20
stress–strain
tests,
only
decreases
4%,
indicating
stability.
It
simultaneously
possessing
low
density
(0.176
g/cm3),
volume
shrinkage
rate,
conductivity.
conductivity
an
air
atmosphere
at
28
°C
0.057
W/(m·K).
sol–gel
reaction
atmospheric
drying
process
broad
application
prospects.
ACS Applied Nano Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(16), С. 19527 - 19537
Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2024
High-performance
thermal
protection
materials
are
urgently
needed
for
applications
under
extreme
conditions.
Organic
aerogels
considered
to
be
promising
and
efficient
materials,
but
their
low
mass
residuals
have
been
the
main
obstacles
limiting
development
application.
Herein,
by
an
in
situ
copolymerization
of
benzoxazine
prepolymers
N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF)-soluble
silica
(SiO2)
precursors,
polybenzoxazine
(PBO)
with
increased
SiO2
contents
was
formed,
leading
high
residual
SiO2/PBO
(PBOS)
dual-network
nanoporous
structures.
The
structures
PBOS
were
obtained
owing
similar
gelation
cross-linking
rates
PBO
SiO2,
facilitated
introduction
ethanol
temperature.
resulting
exhibited
(75.96%
Ar,
increase
approximately
26%;
52.23%
air,
30%),
considerably
higher
than
those
existing
silicon-modified
aerogels.
PBOS-4
aerogel
demonstrated
excellent
high-temperature
insulation
properties
maintaining
a
back
temperature
59.9
°C
when
exposed
1200
butane
flame
600
s.
Benefiting
from
stability,
quartz
fiber-reinforced
(QF/PBOS-4)
composite
outstanding
ablation
resistance
1500
oxyacetylene
s,
linear
0.8
μm
s–1
0.67
mg
s–1,
respectively.
This
study
presents
method
producing
high-performance
suitable
aerospace
applications.
By
addressing
inorganic–organic
compatibility
issues
low-density
this
research
enhances
potential
use
PBO-based
composites
both
civil
military
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
678, С. 480 - 493
Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2024
Novel
carbon
xerogels
doped
with
heteroatoms
(O,
N,
S)
were
prepared
by
sol–gel
polymerization
of
resorcinol
heterocyclic
aldehydes
containing
them.
All
materials
presented
higher
O-contents
than
the
reference
material
formaldehyde,
and
significant
S-
or
N-loadings
in
corresponding
samples.
Carbon
micro-mesoporous
N-doping
favoured
formation
mesopores.
Their
efficiency
dynamic
ethylene
adsorption
is
as
an
interplay
between
porosity,
surface
chemistry
humidity.
The
hydrophilicity
was
also
studied
water
assays,
a
quick
being
microporous
samples
hydrophilic
O-groups.
Breakthrough
curves
for
recorded
both
dry
humid
conditions
analysed
according
to
mass
transference
zone
(MTZ).
behaviour
correlated
physicochemical
properties,
elucitating
mechanism
simultaneous
water/ethylene
adsorption.
capacity
depended
linearly
on
characteristics
samples;
however,
MTZ
parameters
(efficiency
column)
varied
electronegativity
dopant
element.
Both
doping
humidity
stream
hindered
kinetic
(up
33%
N-doped
under
compared
undoped-material
conditions),
due
reduced
adsorbate-adsorbent
interactions
accessibility
into
narrow
pores.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Ceramic
aerogels
are
promising
high-temperature
thermal
insulation
materials
due
to
their
outstanding
stability
and
oxidation
resistance.
However,
restricted
by
nanoparticle-assembled
network
structures,
conventional
ceramic
commonly
suffer
from
inherent
brittleness,
volume
shrinkage,
structural
collapse
at
high
temperatures.
Here,
overcome
such
obstacles,
3D
ultralight
highly
porous
carbon
tube
foams
(CTFs)
were
designed
synthesized
as
the
carbonaceous
precursors,
where
melamine
used
sacrificial
templates
form
hollow
thin-wall
structures
in
CTFs
(density:
∼4.8
mg
cm-3).
Then,
arbitrary-shaped
silicon
carbide
(SiC)
nanofibrous
(SNFAs)
obtained
through
a
simple
chemical
vapor
deposition
(CVD)
process
on
CTFs.
The
resulting
SNFAs
exhibited
excellent
comprehensive
performances:
ultralow
density
(4.2
cm-3)
conductivity
(21.3
mW
m-1
K-1
room
temperature),
rigidity
(specific
modulus:
13.2
kN·m
kg-1),
resilient
compressibility.
could
support
over
2100
times
weight
without
visible
deformation.
Furthermore,
also
showed
exceptional
stability,
which
means
that
they
withstand
1100
°C
an
air
atmosphere
1550
inert
atmosphere.
These
superior
performances
enable
be
suitable
for
harsh
environments.
Polymers,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(7), С. 860 - 860
Опубликована: Март 24, 2025
Phenolic
aerogel
is
one
of
the
most
widely
used
lightweight
thermal
protective
materials
at
present.
With
changes
in
application
environments,
higher
requirements
are
put
forward
for
heat
resistance
and
mechanical
properties
phenolic
aerogel.
In
this
paper,
boric
acid
was
to
modify
resin,
then
boron-modified
prepared.
The
chemical
structure
modified
resin
studied
by
infrared
spectroscopy
(FTIR).
microstructure,
stability,
air,
compression
were
volume
shrinkage,
scanning
electron
microscope,
thermogravimetric
analysis,
high-temperature
combustion
test,
test.
results
showed
that
modification
introduced
boron
oxygen
bonds
on
main
chain.
compatibility
difference
between
with
different
content
has
a
significant
impact
performance
When
5-10%
network
stability
can
be
significantly
improved,
maximum
compressive
strength
also
improved.
Boron-modified
expected
play
an
important
role
field
insulation.
