Rapid adaptation in a fast‐changing world: Emerging insights from insect genomics

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(4), С. 943 - 954

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2022

Many researchers have questioned the ability of biota to adapt rapid anthropogenic environmental shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging genomic evidence for insect evolution in response human pressure. These new data reveal diverse mechanisms (single locus, polygenic, structural shifts; introgression) underpinning adaptive responses a variety selective pressures. While effects some impacts (e.g. pollution; pesticides) been previously documented, here highlight startling evolutionary additional processes such as deforestation. recent findings indicate that assemblages can indeed respond dynamically major challenges. Our synthesis also emphasizes critical roles architecture, standing variation and gene flow maintaining future potential. Broadly, it is clear approaches are essential predicting, monitoring responding ongoing biodiversity shifts fast-changing world.

Язык: Английский

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Tiny habitats of tiny species: the importance of micro-refugia for threatened island-endemic arthropods

Oryx, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 8

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

Abstract Island-endemic arthropods are understudied species and likely to be highly threatened with extinction. Analysis of IUCN Red List assessments can used highlight important microhabitats requiring conservation for the effective management island-endemic arthropod biodiversity. We synthesized information on 296 assessed as Critically Endangered April 2024, geography islands which they endemic, broad threats face. These comprised 33 taxonomic orders, across an average 53% were limited entirely tiny, confined areas habitat: caves, high elevation areas, isolated pools or sea stacks. micro-refugia most utilized by crustaceans least myriapods. Caves habitats temperate where habitat degradation threatens crustaceans. On small tropical arachnids hexapods invasive species, refugia mostly in areas. Sea stacks appear from only island-endemics notable long-distance dispersal adaptation. None sustaining immediately climate change. Using interaction between life history, threats, it is possible generalize that (1) should targeted management, (2) could yield undescribed presumed-extinct species. Prioritizing such research guide efficient expenditure local capacity. In our case study, Ascension Island, seven endemic covered < 0.1% island's total area.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the Genetic Symphony: Harnessing CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Effective Insect Pest Management

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(23), С. 3961 - 3961

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2023

Phytophagous insects pose a significant threat to global crop yield and food security. The need for increased agricultural output while reducing dependence on harmful synthetic insecticides necessitates the implementation of innovative methods. utilization CRISPR-Cas (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology develop insect pest-resistant plants is believed be highly effective approach in production expenses enhancing profitability farms. Insect genome research provides vital insights into gene functions, allowing better knowledge biology, adaptability, development targeted pest management disease prevention measures. editing technique has capability modify DNA insects, either trigger drive or overcome their resistance specific insecticides. advancements CRISPR its various applications have shown potential developing insect-resistant varieties other strategies through sustainable approach. This could consequences ensuring involves using create modified plants. article critically analyzed discussed challenges associated with exploring utilizing pressure

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of farmers friendly IPM modules for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) in maize in the hot semiarid region of India

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

Abstract Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a severe threat to global agriculture, with their impact projected escalate due climate change and expanding international trade. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), native of the Americas, has rapidly spread across various continents, causing significant damage several food crops, especially maize. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs are vital for sustainable FAW control, combining multiple strategies results. Over three consecutive years, 2019–20, 2020–21 2021–22, field demonstrations were conducted in semiarid regions India, testing four-component IPM approach viz., pheromone traps, microbial, botanicals ETL based applications insecticides against farmers' practices (sole insecticide application). implementation led substantial reductions infestation. Furthermore, egg mass larvae infestations significantly lower IPM-adopted villages compared conventional practices. Pheromone-based monitoring demonstrated consistent reduction adult moth populations. lowest technology gap (10.42), extension (8.33) index (12.25) was recorded during 2020–21. adoption increased maize yields (17.49, 12.62 24.87% over control), higher net returns (919, 906.20 992.93 USD), favourable benefit–cost ratios (2.74, 2.39 2.33) respectively 2021–22. economic viability evident confirming potential region India. These hold promise other parts world sharing similar climatic conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Invasive vegetation encroachment modulates dual threats faced by island-endemic scaly crickets

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(9), С. 2941 - 2954

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Abstract The mechanisms by which non-native species impact island-endemic populations are varied and often convoluted. For effective invertebrate conservation where capacity is limited, it vital to understand both direct indirect interactions. Those interactions define specific threats therefore highlight possible solutions. We quantified several of the faced an endemic scaly cricket, Discophallus ascension (family: Mogoplistidae), found on Ascension Island’s naturally barren coastlines. hypothesized that encroaching Mexican thorn Prosopis juliflora (1) directly reduced microclimate suitability, (2) indirectly increased resource competition with species, (3) predation. Our aim was assess how rapidly spreading might reduce cricket populations. Lab trials first confirmed temperature diet preferences D. ascension. significantly ground-level but not above estimated optimum for within key habitat. Observed interspecific greater in habitat degraded driven ants, house crickets Gryllodes sigillatus cockroaches Periplaneta americana . Recorded predation almost entirely rats Rattus rattus primarily ants Threats were modulated invasive vegetation, insects at all sites. conclude removal vegetation alone likely Managing multiple necessary successful conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Mitigating negative effects of EBHSV-infected eastern cottontail invasion in Italy using Z-type control on a four-population system

Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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On‐site genetic diagnosis for the invasive pest Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) and its possible application

Pest Management Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Abstract BACKGROUND Forests in nearly all regions worldwide are affected by invasions of non‐native bark beetles. Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) is a globally invasive beetle that stealthily jeopardizes pine health and spreads insidiously. The occurrence challenges trade logs or wooden materials. Early identification crucial implementing appropriate pest management strategies. RESULTS This study established simple, efficient, accurate method for identifying based on recombinase polymerase amplification the lateral flow dipstick ( RPA ‐ LFD ). can distinguish from other species has sensitivity threshold 10 fg/ μL . Subsequently, field application tests were conducted using assays, first case forestry entomology. test results showed combined with crude DNA extraction could accurately identify (except elytra). influence environmental factors (temperature, humidity, wind) was also investigated. only wind speed P = 0.003) significantly correlated color rendering negatively density detection line. CONCLUSION A rapid field‐based applied helps elimination barriers to lagging pests. Implementing RPA‐LFD aims provide reliable efficient tool rapidly insects, enabling timely intervention effective © 2025 Society Chemical Industry.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of environmental factors on predation rate for Bactrocera dorsalis on a tropical island

Environmental Entomology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2025

Abstract In tropical environments, insect prey face high predation rates due to the diverse interspecific interactions driven by various environmental factors. However, a detailed understanding of how these factors interact influence rate remains limited. This complexity increases with presence both native and nonnative predators, yet no comprehensive assessment has been conducted. this study, we used pupae widely distributed fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis examine 8 affect its rate. Principal component analysis identified 3 principal components (PCs) that collectively explain 78.86% variance in factors: PC1 accounted for 49.62%, PC2 15.59%, PC3 12.65%. was strongly influenced patch density (loading: 0.87) altitude −0.90), communalities 77.8% 82.3%, respectively. primarily predator diversity 0.90), highest communality (84.1%). characterized temperature 0.65) humidity 0.70), 81.2% 81.8%, Although individual PC had significant effect on rate, interaction between highly significant, indicating strong combined effect. likely results from way human disturbance contribute habitat fragmentation, which turn affects alters B. dorsalis. These findings offer valuable insights into as well effectiveness potential control strategies involving predators.

Язык: Английский

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Causes and consequences of insect decline in tropical forests

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Slow Invaders Going Fast: New Data of Exotic Slugs (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata) From Spain

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Invasive species are a major concern in the current scenario of biodiversity loss. Most studies focus on vertebrates and insects, while other groups have been profoundly overlooked. Particularly, terrestrial slugs among most understudied taxa. Here, we contribute to expanding scarce knowledge exotic invertebrates by reporting occurrence two non‐native Iberian Peninsula (northern Spain): Ambigolimax parvipenis, being also first morphological confirmation for continental Spain, Boettgerilla pallens , constituting record Spain as well. Both were collected gardened urban areas or peri‐urban with high presence ornamental plants. Some individuals used anatomical studies, ones subjected DNA extraction PCR amplification sequencing, comparing their sequences closely related from GenBank confirming previous identification. Early detection is crucial avoid potential future threats. Unfortunately, many remain misidentified, leading silent invasion. Our findings entail new step understanding this neglected group implications source arrival fauna.

Язык: Английский

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