Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
23(5), С. 1259 - 1274
Опубликована: Май 1, 2018
High-throughput
electron
microscopy
has
started
to
reveal
synaptic
connectivity
maps
of
single
circuits
and
whole
brain
regions,
for
example,
in
the
Drosophila
olfactory
system.
However,
efficacy,
timing,
frequency
tuning
vesicle
release
are
also
highly
diversified
across
synapses.
These
features
critically
depend
on
nanometer-scale
coupling
distance
between
voltage-gated
Ca2+
channels
(VGCCs)
machinery.
Combining
light
super
resolution
with
vivo
electrophysiology,
we
show
here
that
two
orthogonal
scaffold
proteins
(ELKS
family
Bruchpilot,
BRP,
Syd-1)
cluster-specific
(M)Unc13
factor
isoforms
either
close
(BRP/Unc13A)
or
further
away
(Syd-1/Unc13B)
from
VGCCs
synapses
system,
resulting
different
synapse-characteristic
forms
short-term
plasticity.
Moreover,
BRP/Unc13A
versus
Syd-1/Unc13B
ratios
were
synapse
types.
Thus,
variation
tightly
loosely
coupled
protein/(M)Unc13
modules
can
tune
synapse-type-specific
features,
"nanoscopic
molecular
fingerprints"
might
identify
specific
temporal
features.
The Journal of Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
220(7)
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2021
In
a
neural
circuit,
synapses
transfer
information
rapidly
between
neurons
and
transform
this
during
transfer.
The
diverse
computational
properties
of
are
shaped
by
the
interactions
pre-
postsynaptic
neurons.
How
assembled
to
form
how
specificity
synaptic
connections
is
achieved,
largely
unknown.
Here,
I
posit
that
adhesion
molecules
(SAMs)
organize
synapse
formation.
Diverse
SAMs
collaborate
achieve
astounding
plasticity
synapses,
with
each
SAM
contributing
different
facets.
orchestrating
assembly,
likely
act
as
signal
transduction
devices.
Although
many
candidate
known,
only
few
appear
have
major
impact
on
Thus,
limited
set
collaborating
suffices
account
for
Strikingly,
several
genetically
linked
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
suggesting
impairments
in
assembly
instrumental
pathogenesis
disorders.
Complex
cognitive
functions
such
as
working
memory
and
decision-making
require
information
maintenance
over
seconds
to
years,
from
transient
sensory
stimuli
long-term
contextual
cues.
While
theoretical
accounts
predict
the
emergence
of
a
corresponding
hierarchy
neuronal
timescales,
direct
electrophysiological
evidence
across
human
cortex
is
lacking.
Here,
we
infer
timescales
invasive
intracranial
recordings.
Timescales
increase
along
principal
sensorimotor-to-association
axis
entire
cortex,
scale
with
single-unit
within
macaques.
Cortex-wide
transcriptomic
analysis
shows
alignment
between
expression
excitation-
inhibition-related
genes,
well
genes
specific
voltage-gated
transmembrane
ion
transporters.
Finally,
are
functionally
dynamic:
prefrontal
expand
during
individual
performance,
while
cortex-wide
compress
aging.
Thus,
follow
cytoarchitectonic
gradients
relevant
for
cognition
in
both
short
long
terms,
bridging
microcircuit
physiology
macroscale
dynamics
behavior.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
372(1715), С. 20160259 - 20160259
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2017
We
review
a
body
of
theoretical
and
experimental
research
on
Hebbian
homeostatic
plasticity,
starting
from
puzzling
observation:
while
homeostasis
synapses
found
in
experiments
is
slow
compensatory
process,
most
mathematical
models
synaptic
plasticity
use
rapid
processes
(RCPs).
Even
worse,
with
the
reported
experiments,
simulations
existing
cannot
maintain
network
stability
unless
further
control
mechanisms
are
implemented.
To
solve
this
paradox,
we
suggest
that
addition
to
forms
there
RCPs
which
stabilize
short
timescales.
These
may
include
heterosynaptic
depression
triggered
by
episodes
high
postsynaptic
firing
rate.
While
slower
not
sufficient
they
important
for
fine-tuning
neural
circuits.
Taken
together
learning
memory
rely
an
intricate
interplay
diverse
different
timescales
jointly
ensure
This
article
part
themed
issue
‘Integrating
plasticity’.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2021
Abstract
The
brain
is
a
hugely
diverse,
heterogeneous
structure.
Whether
or
not
heterogeneity
at
the
neural
level
plays
functional
role
remains
unclear,
and
has
been
relatively
little
explored
in
models
which
are
often
highly
homogeneous.
We
compared
performance
of
spiking
networks
trained
to
carry
out
tasks
real-world
difficulty,
with
varying
degrees
heterogeneity,
found
that
substantially
improved
task
performance.
Learning
was
more
stable
robust,
particularly
for
rich
temporal
In
addition,
distribution
neuronal
parameters
similar
those
observed
experimentally.
suggest
may
be
than
just
byproduct
noisy
processes,
but
rather
serve
an
active
important
allowing
animals
learn
changing
environments.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022
Abstract
The
design
of
robots
that
interact
autonomously
with
the
environment
and
exhibit
complex
behaviours
is
an
open
challenge
can
benefit
from
understanding
what
makes
living
beings
fit
to
act
in
world.
Neuromorphic
engineering
studies
neural
computational
principles
develop
technologies
provide
a
computing
substrate
for
building
compact
low-power
processing
systems.
We
discuss
why
endowing
neuromorphic
–
perception
motor
control
represents
promising
approach
creation
which
seamlessly
integrate
society.
present
initial
attempts
this
direction,
highlight
challenges,
propose
actions
required
overcome
current
limitations.
