Npas1⁺-Nkx2.1⁺Neurons Are an Integral Part of the Cortico-pallido-cortical Loop

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 40(4), С. 743 - 768

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2019

Within the basal ganglia circuit, external globus pallidus (GPe) is critically involved in motor control. Aside from Foxp2 + neurons and ChAT that have been established as unique neuron types, there little consensus on classification of GPe neurons. Properties remaining types are poorly defined. In this study, we leverage new mouse lines, viral tools, molecular markers to better define subtypes. We found Sox6 represents a novel, defining marker for Lhx6 lack expression were devoid both parvalbumin Npas1. This result confirms previous assertions existence population. Neurons arise Dbx1 lineage similarly abundant displayed heterogeneous makeup. Importantly, tracing experiments revealed Npas1 -Nkx2.1 represent principal noncholinergic, cortically-projecting other words, they form pallido-cortical arm cortico-pallido-cortical loop. Our data further show pyramidal-tract cortex collateralized within GPe, forming closed-loop system between two brain structures. Overall, our findings reconcile some discrepancies arose differences techniques or reliance preexisting tools. Although spatial distribution electrophysiological properties reaffirm diversification subtypes, statistical analyses strongly support notion these subtypes can be categorized under classes: PV SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The poor understanding neuronal composition undermines ability interrogate its precise behavioral disease involvements. 12 different genetic crosses used, hundreds electrophysiologically characterized, >100,000 histologically- and/or anatomically-profiled. current study establishes segregation classes illustrates complexity adult mice. results idea –Nkx2.1 distinct subclass. By providing detailed analysis organization cortico-pallidal-cortical projection, establish cellular circuit substrates important function dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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A cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway drives behavioral context-dependent movement initiation

Neuron, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021

Executing learned motor behaviors often requires the transformation of sensory cues into patterns commands that generate appropriately timed actions. The cerebellum and thalamus are two key areas involved in shaping cortical output movement, but contribution a cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway to voluntary movement initiation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how an auditory "go cue" transforms thalamocortical activity these changes relate initiation. Population responses dentate/interpositus-recipient regions reflect time-locked increase immediately prior is temporally uncoupled from go cue, indicative fixed-latency feedforward timing signal. Blocking cerebellar or thalamic suppresses initiation, while stimulation triggers movements behavioral context-dependent manner. Our findings show output, via thalamus, shapes necessary for

Язык: Английский

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Multi-transmitter neurons in the mammalian central nervous system

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 45, С. 85 - 91

Опубликована: Май 11, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Basal Ganglia Circuits for Action Specification

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(1), С. 485 - 507

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2020

Behavior is readily classified into patterns of movements with inferred common goals—actions. Goals may be discrete; are continuous. Through the careful study isolated in laboratory settings, or via introspection, it has become clear that animals can exhibit exquisite graded specification to their movements. Moreover, control as fundamental success selection which action perform under many naturalistic scenarios: a predator adjusting its speed intercept moving prey, tool-user exerting perfect amount force complete delicate task. The basal ganglia collection nuclei vertebrates extend from forebrain (telencephalon) midbrain (mesencephalon), constituting major descending extrapyramidal pathway for over and brainstem premotor structures. Here we discuss how this contributes continuous endows our voluntary actions vigor grace.

Язык: Английский

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A Genetically Defined Compartmentalized Striatal Direct Pathway for Negative Reinforcement

Cell, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 183(1), С. 211 - 227.e20

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2020

Язык: Английский

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