Role of forelimb morphology in muscle sensorimotor functions during locomotion in the cat DOI Creative Commons
Seyed Mohammadali Rahmati, Alexander N. Klishko,

Ramaldo S. Martin

и другие.

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2024

Abstract Previous studies established strong links between morphological characteristics of mammalian hindlimb muscles and their sensorimotor functions during locomotion. Less is known about the role forelimb morphology in motor outputs generation sensory signals. Here, we measured 46 from six cats. These included muscle attachments, physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) fascicle length. We also recorded full‐body mechanics EMG activity level overground treadmill locomotion seven 16 adult cats either sex, respectively. computed forces along with force‐ length‐dependent signals mapped onto corresponding cervical spinal segments. found that patterns afferent activities were strongly affected by muscle's moment arm, PCSA Morphology shoulder suggests distinct roles forelimbs lateral force production movements. Patterns long fibres (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis) closely matched overall length, whereas pattern biceps brachii length afferents orientation. conclude cat contributes substantially to locomotor function, particularly control stability turning, rather than propulsion. image Key points Little producing generating somatosensory This information needed understand contributions control. forelimbs, walking electromyographic activity, arms, velocity, activation, muscles, as well length‐ force‐dependent walking. demonstrated contribute proprioceptive regulation cycle phase transitions stability. The obtained can guide development biologically accurate neuromechanical models quadrupedal for exploring testing novel methods treatments central nervous system pathologies modulating neural pathways controlling forelimbs/arms.

Язык: Английский

AutoGaitA – Automated Gait Analysis in Python DOI Creative Commons
Mohammad Javad Hosseini, Itzik Klein, Taylan D. Kuzu

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Abstract Animals change their location in space by means of walking, running, swimming, or flying, a series rhythmic motor behaviours that together are defined as locomotion. Individual types locomotion require unique coordinated pattern muscle contractions can be inferred the joints across body. Implementations recent advancements machine learning (ML), such DeepLabCut and Simi Shape, have automated tracking body posture, even markerless subjects. Despite ML algorithms alleviating effort, making sense tracked points still requires substantial amounts manual labour lacks standardisation research labs. To this end, we developed AutoGaitA (Automated Gait Analysis), an open-source Python toolbox designed to automate analysis normalising step cycle, extracting meaningful features from coordinates (e.g. angles, velocity, acceleration) allowing intra- inter-animal comparisons. Here, employed proof principles experiments show age-dependent changes flies, mice humans, adaptation mechanisms mice, compare key walking species. ’s adaptability any kind behaviour species interest makes it valuable tool for community standardise genotypes, disease states

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Ontogeny of the spinal cord dorsal horn DOI Creative Commons
R. Brian Roome, Archana Yadav,

Lydia Flores

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 15, 2025

Summary The dorsal horn of the mammalian spinal cord is an exquisite example form serving function. It comprised diverse neuronal populations stacked into laminae, each which receives different circuit connections and plays specialized roles in behavior. An outstanding question how this organization emerges during development from apparently homogeneous pool neural progenitors. Here, we found that neurons are diversified by time, with families related cell types born as temporal cohorts, a spatial-molecular gradient specifies full array individual types. Excitatory then settle chronotopic arrangement transforms their progressive birthdates anatomical order. This establishes these also required for spatial inhibitory sensory axons. work reveals essential ontogenetic principles shape progenitors architecture subserve sensorimotor Highlights - Temporal cohorts late-born give rise to Sequentially-born excitatory neuron adjacent laminae Laminar structure specifically requires (but not or sensory) Graded expression Zic transcription factors directs fine identity

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Activity of spinal RORβ neurons is related to functional improvements following combination treatment after complete SCI DOI Creative Commons
Nicholas J. Stachowski,

Jaimena H. Wheel,

Shayna Singh

и другие.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(15)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Various strategies targeting spinal locomotor circuitry have been associated with functional improvements after cord injury (SCI). However, the neuronal populations mediating beneficial effects remain largely unknown. Using a combination therapy in mouse model of complete SCI, we show that virally delivered brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (AAV-BDNF) activates hindlimb stepping and causes hyperreflexia, whereas submotor threshold epidural stimulation (ES) reduces BDNF-induced hyperreflexia. Given their role gating proprioceptive afferents as potential convergence point BDNF ES, hypothesized an enhanced excitability inhibitory RORβ neurons would be improvements. Ex vivo slice recordings from mice range hyperreflexia scores revealed was related to outcome post-SCI. Mice poor function SCI had less excitable neurons, but similar between uninjured “best stepping” groups. Further, chemogenetic activation reduced improved stepping, ES. Our findings identify target population limit enhance SCI.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Potential Roles of Specific Subclasses of Premotor Interneurons in Spinal Cord Function Recovery after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Adults DOI Creative Commons
Ana Lucía Dominguez, Frédéric Clotman

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 652 - 652

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

The differential expression of transcription factors during embryonic development has been selected as the main feature to define specific subclasses spinal interneurons. However, recent studies based on single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomic experiments suggest that this approach might not be appropriate in adult cord, where interneurons show overlapping profiles, especially ventral region. This constitutes a major challenge for identification direct targeting populations could involved locomotor recovery after traumatic cord injury adults. Current experimental therapies, including electrical stimulation, training, pharmacological treatments, or cell implantation, have resulted improvements behavior rely modulation activity connectivity located surroundings lesion core formation detour circuits. very few publications clarify identity these cells. In work, we review premotor were able create new intraspinal circuits different kinds injury, highlighting difficulties encountered by researchers, classify populations.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Motor Circuit Development DOI
Paschalis Kratsios, Niccolò Zampieri, Robert A. Carrillo

и другие.

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(40), С. e1238242024 - e1238242024

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

Motor circuits represent the main output of central nervous system and produce dynamic behaviors ranging from relatively simple rhythmic activities like swimming in fish breathing mammals to highly sophisticated dexterous movements humans. Despite decades research, development function motor remain poorly understood. Breakthroughs field recently provided new tools tractable model systems that set stage discover molecular mechanisms circuit logic underlying control. Here, we describe recent advances both vertebrate (mouse, frog) invertebrate (nematode, fruit fly) on cellular enable develop highlight conserved divergent necessary for development.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Potential contribution of spinal interneurons to the etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis DOI Creative Commons

Luca Goffin,

Damien Lemoine,

Frédéric Clotman

и другие.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) consists of a group adult-onset fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the progressive death motor neurons (MNs) throughout central nervous system (CNS). At first, ALS was considered to be an MN disease, caused cell-autonomous mechanisms acting specifically in MNs. Accordingly, data from patients animal models revealed alterations excitability multiple neuronal populations, including MNs, which were associated with variety cellular perturbations such as protein aggregation, ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism defects, calcium dyshomeostasis, modified electrophysiological properties, autophagy malfunctions. However, experimental evidence rapidly demonstrated involvement other types cells, glial etiopathogenesis through non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Surprisingly, contribution pre-motor interneurons (INs), regulate activity could therefore critically modulate their at onset or during progression has date been severely underestimated. In this article, we review detail how spinal INs are affected possible disease.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Properties of rhythmogenic currents in spinal Shox2 interneurons across postnatal development DOI
Shayna Singh, Lihua Yao, Natalia A. Shevtsova

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

Locomotor behaviors are performed by organisms throughout life, despite developmental changes in cellular properties, neural connectivity, and biomechanics. The basic rhythmic activity the central nervous system that underlies locomotion is thought to be generated via a complex balance between network intrinsic properties. Within mature mammalian spinal locomotor circuitry, we have yet determine which properties of interneurons (INs) critical rhythmogenesis how they change during development. Here, combined whole cell patch clamp recordings, immunohistochemistry, RNAscope targeting lumbar Shox2 INs mice, known involved rhythm generation. We focused on putatively rhythmogenic ionic currents expression corresponding ion channels across postnatal time points mice. show subsets display voltage-sensitive conductances, addition respective channels, may contribute or shape bursting. Persistent inward currents, M-type potassium slow afterhyperpolarization, T-type calcium enhanced with age. In contrast, hyperpolarization-activated A-type were either found low prevalence neonatal, juvenile, adult did not developmentally change. become more electrophysiologically diverse juvenile ages, when behavior weight-bearing. These results suggest shift magnitude important for mature, weight-bearing behavior.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Activity of spinal RORβ neurons is related to functional improvements following combination treatment after complete SCI DOI Open Access
Nicholas J. Stachowski,

Jaimena H. Wheel,

Sebastian J. Atoche

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

SUMMARY Various strategies targeting spinal locomotor circuitry have been associated with functional improvements after cord injury (SCI). However, the neuronal populations mediating beneficial effects remain largely unknown. In a mouse model of complete SCI, virally-delivered BDNF (AAV-BDNF) activates hindlimb stepping and causes hyperreflexia, whereas sub-motor threshold epidural stimulation (ES) reduced BDNF-induced hyperreflexia. Given their role in gating proprioceptive afferents potential convergence point ES, we hypothesized that an enhanced excitability inhibitory RORβ neurons would be improvements. Ex vivo slice recordings revealed was decreased mice poor function but similar between uninjured ‘best stepping’ SCI groups. Further, chemogenetic excitation hyperreflexia improved stepping, to ES. Our findings identify as target population limit enhance SCI.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Potential Roles of Specific Subclasses of Premotor Interneurons in Spinal Cord Function Recovery after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Adults DOI Open Access
Ana Lucía Dominguez, Frédéric Clotman

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

The differential expression of transcription factors during embryonic development has been selected as the main feature to define specific subclasses spinal interneurons. However, recent studies based on single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomic experiments suggest that this approach could not be appropriate in adult cord, where interneurons show overlapping profiles, especially ventral region. This constitutes a major challenge for identification direct targeting populations involved locomotor recovery after traumatic cord injury adults. Current experimental therapies including electrical stimulation, training, pharmacological treatments, or cell implantation resulted improvements behaviour, rely modulation activity connectivity located surroundings lesion core formation detour circuits. very few publications clarify identity these cells. In work, we review premotor were able create new intraspinal circuits different kinds injury, highlighting difficulties encountered by researchers classify populations.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
ROLE OF FORELIMB MORPHOLOGY IN MUSCLE SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTIONS DURING LOCOMOTION IN THE CAT DOI
Seyed Mohammadali Rahmati, Alexander N. Klishko,

Ramaldo S. Martin

и другие.

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024

Previous studies established strong links between morphological characteristics of mammalian hindlimb muscles and their sensorimotor functions during locomotion. Less is known about the role forelimb morphology in motor outputs generation sensory signals. Here, we measured 46 from 6 cats. These included muscle attachments, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), fascicle length, etc. We also recorded full-body mechanics EMG activity level overground treadmill locomotion 7 16 adult cats either sex, respectively. computed forces along with force- length-dependent signals mapped onto corresponding cervical spinal segments. found that patterns afferent activities were strongly affected by muscle's moment arm, PCSA, length. Morphology shoulder suggests distinct roles forelimbs lateral force production movements. Patterns long fibers (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis) closely matched overall whereas pattern biceps brachii orientation. conclude cat contributes substantially to locomotor function, particularly control stability turning, rather than propulsion.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0