First report of the predatory potential and functional response of the red flower assassin bug Rhynocoris segmentarius (Germar), a natural enemy of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

Biological Control, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 191, С. 105465 - 105465

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is currently the most devastating invasive arthropod pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. Following its first report Ghana 2016, control has been reliant mainly on synthetic chemicals. However, biocontrol an effective, sustainable, cheaper, and environmentally friendly option for FAW management. We tested potential red flower assassin bug, Rhynocoris segmentarius (Germar) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) as a natural enemy candidate augmentative by assessing predatory rate functional response under laboratory conditions Ghana. feeding responses five nymphal instars adults (female male) R. were against three larvae ages FAW: (i) < 1 day old or newly emerged (NE), (ii) 2 days old, (iii) 6 at six different prey densities: 5, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40, respectively. All life-stages successfully attacked, killed, fed S. frugiperda, exhibited Type II response. second stages did not attack kill six-day-old larvae. Females had significantly higher (7.79 ± 1.01) shortest handling time (1.17 x 10–1) than all life-stages. Our results suggest that frugiperda.

Язык: Английский

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Integration of Genetic Resistance Mechanisms in Sustainable Crop Breeding Programs-A Review

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(1), С. 193 - 211

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

The integration of genetic resistance mechanisms into sustainable crop breeding programs is critical for addressing global agricultural challenges, including the increasing threats posed by pests, diseases, and climate change. Genetic resistance, which involves use innate plant defense mechanisms, provides an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical controls plays a pivotal role in enhancing resilience. Advances molecular biology, such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing multi-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics), have revolutionized breeding, enabling precise identification, modification, deployment traits. These tools facilitate development crops with enhanced biotic abiotic stresses while reducing yield penalties linkage drag. Challenges evolution pathogen virulence, breakdown race-specific genes, trade-offs between quality remain significant hurdles. Durable achieved combining qualitative quantitative traits, offers promising approach mitigate these issues delay breakdown. Agroecological practices, diversification, companion planting, organic amendments, can complement pressure improving ecosystem stability. International research collaborations, those led CGIAR, along local capacity-building efforts, are essential ensure equitable dissemination technologies, particularly resource-limited regions. Despite advances, socioeconomic regulatory barriers, public skepticism toward genetically engineered stringent approval processes GMOs gene-edited varieties, hinder widespread adoption. Increased investments research, streamlined frameworks, policies promoting resistant varieties vital overcoming challenges. As demand food continues rise amidst uncertainties, cutting-edge tools, ecological principles, collaborative efforts pathway more resilient systems. By current limitations leveraging emerging significantly contribute security sustainability modern farming practices.

Язык: Английский

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Bio-inoculant consortium and organic amendment comprising plant bioactive extract increased maize yield by improving soil nutrient availability and mitigating pest damage

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Research progress on climate change adaptation strategies to control invasive crop pest in sub-Saharan Africa: a bibliometric and systematic review

Frontiers in Climate, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

This bibliometric and systematic review assesses research progress climate change adaptation strategies to control invasive crop pests in sub-Saharan Africa. Scientific publications on pest management Africa a context of were extracted from papers published between 1991 2024. A literature search was conducted Scopus, dimension, google scholar, followed by screening data extraction compliance with ROSES standards. Findings indicated that such as armyworms, fruit flies coffee berry borer cause huge losses. Communities are adopting integrated management, water harvesting, drip irrigation, resistant varieties, improving production efficiency. Agro-ecological practices reduce invasions while preserving the environment. Meanwhile, chemical insecticide use remains an emergency solution its effects would be more efficient. However, promising approaches emerge around biocontrol, agroforestry integrating gender-tailored strategies. Nevertheless, regional disparities persist scientific output. In conclusion, represent major plant health crisis Africa, this highlights innovative Their development will require coordinated mobilization catalyze sustainable agro-ecological transition needs address these multidimensional challenges. Future should assess farmer’s perception effectiveness existing for pests.

Язык: Английский

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Climate refugees and political borders: An emerging crisis in environmental and International policies

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

One of the most important global policy and environmental institution issues in recent days is climate refugee phenomenon. The refugees confronting unsecured legal status and, appalling, human rights violations as well dangerous access to basic services. scale this crisis grows ever more pronounced from day day, given its highly endemic character it doubtful that existing international instruments, particularly 1951 Refugee Convention, are a position offer effectively distinct dangers vulnerabilities climate-displaced people. As special emphasis, article focuses on case studies Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, where displacement severely afflicting, disproportionate rest world. Moreover, discusses boundaries between migration across borders under Constraint strained resources, national security social integration. To avoid coming advocates for policies inclusive would include sustainability, protection equitable resource allocation. For instance, there need cooperative action which revises instruments institutes some new paradigms relative justice refugees.

Язык: Английский

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Global extrapolation drastically increases estimated economic costs of biological invasions

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Biological invasions have been estimated to damage the global economy at a scale comparable natural disasters. However, these estimates rely on data from small proportion of invasive species and countries. Effectively managing requires better cost for neglected regions. Using random forest, we economic 1,419 in 184 countries, 1970 2020. The biological during this period was 10.3 trillion US dollars, almost six times higher than previous estimates. hundreds billions annually, decades earlier previously thought. In contrast with studies, show that plants are responsible majority costs. Low- middle-income countries were most affected, proportionally their Gross Domestic Product. A coordinated effort is crucial prevent aggravation damages coming decades, particularly economically vulnerable

Язык: Английский

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Differential Responses of the Egg-Larval Parasitoid Chelonus Bifoveolatus To Fall Armyworm-Induced and Constitutive Volatiles of Diverse Maize Genotypes

Journal of Chemical Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 51(2)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda , is a serious invasive crop pest and threat to food security. Conventional control approaches using chemical pesticides can lead adverse environmental human health problems calling for safer alternative management options. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants constitutively in response herbivory have been shown enhance ecologically benign biocontrol alternatives insecticides management. However, genotypic variations VOC emissions also reported plant species including maize ( Zea mays ). Hence, better insight into the odor profiles of different varieties their corresponding role recruiting pests’ natural enemies are crucial developing sustainable strategy. Our present study assessed behavioral responses FAW egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus bifoveolatus (Braconidae: Hymenoptera), constitutive induced volatiles from landraces (Jowi Red, Nyamula) hybrids (SC Duma, DK 777) grown Kenya compared volatile profiles. In four-arm olfactometer, female parasitoid wasps were significantly attracted oviposition-induced VOCs SC Duma Nyamula. Chemical analysis test revealed significant variation quantity quality key bioactive such as E )-2-hexenal, α-pinene, Z )-3-hexenyl acetate, )-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, α-copaene, E) -β-farnesene )-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene. findings provide more insights genetic emission across genotypes differences attraction that indirect defense. As such, these traits could be exploited strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Earth observations reveal impacts of climate variability on maize cropping systems in sub-Saharan Africa

GIScience & Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(1)

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Fall armyworm threatens Asian rice security: A review of sustainable management strategies

CABI Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Abstract Rice ( Oryza sativa L.), a primary staple food for billions of people worldwide, faces growing threat from the invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), in Asia. Given predominance small-scale farmers Asian rice production, which accounts over two-thirds global output, region is highly vulnerable to FAW infestations. The FAW’s rapid reproduction, extensive dispersal capabilities, and remarkable adaptability pose significant risks, with potential substantial yield losses comparable those observed other crops. Recent reports highlight concerning host shift corn-specialized strain towards cultivation Beyond direct losses, infestations can lead excessive use pesticides, posing serious threats human health environment safety. Effective sustainable management crucial ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability. Control strategies encompass diverse range approaches, including cultural techniques, biological methods, chemical interventions, habitat manipulation. absence varieties resistant underscores urgent need accelerated development through genetic engineering. Cultural control practices, such as staggered planting, deep tillage, crop rotation non-host species, improved field sanitation, effectively reduce populations. While promising, methods like trap cropping push-pull require further validation systems. Biological measures utilize natural predators, big-eyed bugs ground beetles, parasitoids Telenomus remus Campoletis sonorensis . Additionally, entomopathogenic agents Metarhizium rileyi , Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana offer environmentally alternatives insecticides. synthetic insecticides remain an essential component management, increasing prevalence pesticide resistance associated economic necessitate eco-friendly solutions. multiple insecticide classes robust strategies. This review emphasizes critical role integrated pest (IPM) combating Asia, advocating balanced approach that prioritises control, effective judicious insecticides, mitigate damage ensure security region.

Язык: Английский

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Farmers’ Perception of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) as an Invasive Pest and Its Management

Insects, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(4), С. 427 - 427

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

This study was carried out with the aim of understanding how farmers perceive and deal fall armyworm (FAW) infestations in maize crops. Data based on a questionnaire were collected across nine districts Punjab province Pakistan. Findings revealed that about 38% had medium-sized landholdings been cultivating crop for last 11–20 years. Hybrid seed used by 55% farmers, 60% grown as fodder, well cash crop. Surprisingly, only 39% able to correctly identify FAW; however, majority (72%) recognized larvae most damaging stage. Although (71%) grew crops during both seasons, 34% autumn peak infestation period FAW. However, despite limited awareness, high percentage (86%) managed FAW effectively using various chemical treatments. also highlighted influence some factors farmers’ perception such as: age, farming experience, cultivation practices. Overall, findings emphasize need increased awareness basic biology targeted management strategies safeguard region.

Язык: Английский

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