Post‐traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1), С. 52 - 80

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The understanding of responses to traumatic events has been greatly influenced by the introduction diagnosis post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper we review initial versions diagnostic criteria for condition and associated epidemiological findings, including sociocultural differences. We consider evidence reactions occurring in multiple contexts not previously defined as traumatic, implications that these observations have diagnosis. More recent developments such DSM‐5 dissociative subtype ICD‐11 complex PTSD are reviewed, adding there several distinct phenotypes. describe psychological foundations PTSD, involving disturbances memory well identity. A broader focus on identity may be able accommodate group communal influences experience trauma impact resource loss. then summarize current concerning biological with a particular genetic neuroimaging studies. Whereas progress prevention disappointing, is now an extensive supporting efficacy variety treatments established trauma‐focused interventions – cognitive behavior therapy (TF‐CBT) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) non‐trauma‐focused therapies, which also include some emerging identity‐based approaches present‐centered compassion‐focused therapies. Additionally, promising neither nor pharmacological, or combine pharmacological approach, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐assisted psychotherapy. advances priority areas adapting resource‐limited settings across cultural contexts, community‐based approaches. conclude identifying future directions work mental health.

Язык: Английский

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The role of attachment styles in post-traumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth in the Shidu parents of China

SAGE Open Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Background: The number of Shidu parents in China is significant and expected to continue increasing. psychological status deserves more attention. Objective: Our objective investigate the impact post-traumatic stress disorder attachment styles among on growth, with aim providing valuable insights for alleviating symptoms enhancing levels growth following trauma. Design: Demographic data, Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist DSM-5, post traumatic inventory were used investigated 297 parents. Method: Two samples t -test was employed evaluate disparities scores based diverse styles. Pearson’s correlation analysis association between Post-traumatic DSM-5 scores, as well different scores. We performed multiple mediator analyses further confirm influence inventory. Results: (1) A total 35% people tested positive disorder; (2) 56.9% participants exhibited secure attachment, while 43.1% insecure attachment; (3) results unveiled a substantial negative scores; (4) evident relation dependence/closeness inventory, established anxiety Conclusion: study suggests that associated It might offer new into influencing through intervention.

Язык: Английский

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Relationship Disappointment Stress Syndrome as a Cultural and Post‐Trauma Phenomenon in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Case Report

Clinical Case Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT This report presents the case of a not yet well‐researched condition referred to as relationship disappointment stress syndrome (RDSS). appears be linked cultural norms that romanticize marriage and unresolved post‐traumatic sequelae, both which may contribute overly optimistic expectations. When these expectations are unmet, individuals experience profound effects disappointment. study highlights three selected patients out 10 cases who underwent psychotherapy at Baho Smile Institute in Rwanda. We observed over 3‐month period; we conducted 12 sessions using compassion‐focused therapy emphasizes restoring humaneness. The results showed have following main symptoms: somatic, interpersonal, purpose‐related issues, such headache, backache, neck pain, pseudo‐paralysis, losing trust interest others, diminished sexual desire, loss humanism, excessive preoccupation with relationships, feelings failing life's purpose. Further empirical studies needed confirm findings this report.

Язык: Английский

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Growing Forward: Exploring Post-Traumatic Growth and Trait Resilience Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in England

Psychiatry International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(2), С. 55 - 55

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic presented many potentially traumatic circumstances. Research continues to investigate pandemic-related Post-traumatic Growth (PTG). However, most studies fail fulfil the parameters of PTG whereby a triggering event must be seismic intensity and have ceased before can manifest, producing significant validity reliability issues. relationships between PTG, trait resilience fear are also under-researched, particularly in circumstances where met. This study examined relationship COVID-19-related resilience. Participants (n = 229) completed an online questionnaire incorporating Post-Traumatic Inventory Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. sample participants were moderately traumatised with moderate–low (M 50.85). reported greater levels compared from pre-COVID studies, notably relation constructs Relating Other (d 0.29), New Possibilities 0.47), Personal Strength 0.39), Spiritual Change 0.29). Higher (B 0.48) 0.16) associated overall PTG. Younger −0.29). findings advance current knowledge regarding potential demonstrate that is promotional factor, presenting opportunity for future intervention formulation. reform required within literature pool. Future research investigating reach both parameters. In this impossible, concerning newfound positive cognition during adverse should re-explored as Post-Adversarial Appreciation (PAA) maintain validity.

Язык: Английский

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Post-traumatic stress symptoms, rumination, and posttraumatic growth in women with a traumatic childbirth experience

Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Май 25, 2025

Rumination can either prolong distress or foster growth following traumatic experiences like childbirth. This study investigates the association between post-traumatic stress symptoms and in women who underwent childbirth, examining potential mediating role of two types rumination - intrusive deliberate. A cross-sectional Northern Portugal from January 2020 to December 2021 surveyed 202 with infants under 12 months, self-reporting childbirth experiences. Instruments included City Birth Trauma Scale, Event-Related Inventory, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory. Women experienced various childbirth-related events, most showing for over three months. Approximately 60% met disorder criteria.The results indicate that were positively correlated growth, both showed positive associations deliberate rumination. Mediation analysis revealed significantly mediated highlighting its trauma outcomes. illuminated pathway through which lead posttraumatic pivotal this association. finding is essential tailoring therapeutic interventions effectively recovery resilience, underscoring importance promoting

Язык: Английский

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Understanding Posttraumatic Growth in Conflict-Affected Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Scoping Review

Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 21

Опубликована: Май 28, 2025

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reports that armed conflicts burden children, comprising nearly half of the population in most war and conflict regions. Despite experiencing trauma from exposure to conflict, some children experience positive psychological change as well. study aims systematically review existing literature explore factors promote posttraumatic growth adolescents exposed conflict. This systematic scoping followed five consecutive steps specified Arksey O'Malley framework. Exploring six databases, PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane, Web Science, we identified assessed 51 articles, which seven satisfied inclusion criteria. findings suggest mean prevalence ranges 2.50 81.84 per inventory total scores (using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), with possible ranging 0 105. Demographic stress, religious cultural practices, social support were suggested be associated growth. Overall, varied degrees found a recurring phenomenon among survivors sociocultural context was one crucial We dive into potential implications practical applications, policy development, direction future endeavors.

Язык: Английский

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Posttraumatic Growth and Meaning in Life Mediate the Relationship between Severity of Adolescent Bullying Victimization and Adulthood Health Outcomes

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 31, 2025

Bullying victimization afflicts adolescents at high rates and predicts negative health sequelae into adulthood. Park’s (2010) meaning-making model theorizes protective pathways following traumatic experiences has been applied to a variety of traumas, but not yet bullying victimization. Consistent with model, the present work assessed both efforts—operationally defined as posttraumatic growth (PTG), or positive changes perceived have resulted from experience— meanings successfully made—operationally concurrent presence meaning in life—as factors mitigating adverse psychological physical outcomes adulthood among targets adolescent Using path modeling MPlus v5 macro, hypothesized serial process was tested two samples adults who had experienced (Sample 1: US adult convenience sample [ N = 125]; Sample 2: International sexual minority 137]). Participants reported severity their victimizations, resulting PTG, life, distress, frequency illness symptoms, well demographics. Supporting across samples, predicted greater and, turn, ultimately predicting mitigated As such, results highlighted importance made per se, underscoring attendant risks generated by efforts that appear necessary insufficient mitigate sequelae. Practical implications, strengths limitations, directions for future research are discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic Review of Posttraumatic Growth From Sexual Assault in Women

Journal of Loss and Trauma, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(3), С. 291 - 312

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023

AbstractThis review explores the existing literature on posttraumatic growth in women survivors of sexual assaults. A systematic research following PRISMA guidelines between 1980 and 2023 was conducted using databases like PsychINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, Web Science, Google Scholar. Approximately 78 articles were initially identified evaluated preliminary search keywords. Of those retrieved, 22 met criteria included integrating findings from 18 quantitative 04 qualitative studies. The suggest that mean prevalence assault ranges 4.59 to 64.04 PTGI total scores, ranging 0 105. Overall, small moderate PTG found be a recurring phenomenon among assault. highest level consistently experienced relating other domain. Posttraumatic stress, social support, religiosity/spirituality, control over recovery suggested associated with growth. Implications for practice, policy, future directions are discussed.Keywords: stresssexual assaulttreatmentsexual harassmentposttraumatic AcknowledgmentThe author wants express his heartfelt gratitude Dr. Antreelena Basu her invaluable assistance proofreading grammar checking.Declaration conflicting interestsThe author(s) report no conflicts interest.Additional informationFundingThe received financial support research.Notes contributorsIrfan FayazIrfan Fayaz is an Assistant Professor at Woxsen University India doctoral fellow Jindal Institute Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), O. P. Global University; Sonipat, Haryana, India.

Язык: Английский

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Post-traumatic growth promotes resilience development: A Longitudinal Mediation Model

Journal of Affective Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Post-Traumatic Growth Following Bereavement Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Journal of Loss and Trauma, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 28

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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