The Effect of CuO on the Thermal Behavior and Combustion Features of Pyrotechnic Compositions with AN/MgAl

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4), С. 1488 - 1488

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Ammonium nitrate (AN) is of considerable interest to researchers in developing new types energetic mixtures due the release environmentally benign gaseous products during burning and thermal decomposition. However, poor ignition a low rate require special additives speed up this process. The advantage research use high-energy aluminum-based alloys as fuel compensate for disadvantages AN. In addition, effect copper oxide (CuO) on kinetics thermodynamics mixture based ammonium nitrate–magnesium–aluminum (AN/MgAl) investigated. Alloys aluminum were created through process high-temperature diffusion welding, conducted an environment argon gas. structure characteristics are determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, DTA-TG analyses. It has been found that CuO significant effects decomposition AN/MgAl-based shifting temperature from 269.33 °C 261.34 decreasing activation energy 91.41 kJ mol−1 89.26 mol−1. Adding reduced pressure deflagration limit 2 MPa 1 MPa, linear AN/MgAl increased approximately twice (rb = 6.17 mm/s vs. rb 15.44 mm/s, at chamber P0 5 MPa).

Язык: Английский

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Synergistic Effects of Catalyst on Phase Stabilization and Combustion Promotion of Ammonium Nitrate in Hydroxyl‐terminated Polybutadiene‐based Composite Solid Propellant

Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

ABSTRACT Conventional solid propellants have used ammonium perchlorate (AP) as the efficient oxidizer; however, it emits toxic HCl gas during combustion. Therefore, employing green oxidizers such nitrate (AN) is one approach to reduce exhaust emissions. However, AN suffers from drawback of phase transitions at room temperatures. The present study tries stabilize phases and increase performance AN/AP‐based composite (CSPs) by adding ferrocene vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ). AP has been partially replaced because utilization pure AN‐based propellant challenging in hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene‐based CSPs. theoretical studies are carried out understand effects AN/AP on specific impulse (I sp ), characteristic velocity (C*), I vac , etc. propellant. Burning rate different pressures flame characterization conducted ambient pressure conditions. From above studies, was observed that presence catalysts V burning rate, temperature sample increased significantly. Thermal decomposition performed for samples. Initially, there three transition peaks but with addition both numbers endothermic found decrease. Ferrocene help also act additives participating combustion process

Язык: Английский

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FDM - 3D printing of thermoplastic composites with high energetic solids content designed for gun propellants

Defence Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Metal Oxides and Dichromate Salts Application as Burning Catalysts for the Modern Aluminized Ammonium Nitrate–Based Solid Propellants

Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

ABSTRACT This study is devoted to the investigation of combustion characteristics aluminized solid propellants (SPs) with ammonium nitrate (SP4, 44 wt.% and SP5, 66 wt.%), perchlorate (5 inert (butyl rubber) active (polyvinyl tetrazole) binders. The experimental SP formulations were compared their analogs, both without included in compositions. Among nitrate–contained SPs, following row burning rates was found (ammonium content brackets, wt.%): SP3 (0) > SP2 (44) ∼ SP4 SP1 (51) SP5 (66). studied SPs modified by additives micron‐sized oxide powders (Co 3 O 4 , V 2 5 MnO Fe CuO) bichromate salts (K Cr 7 Na (NH ) or potassium combination second salt different origin: oxalates C La (C chlorides NaCl, KCl, BaCl . Micron‐sized added into formulation nitrate. It that there a 20–30% improvement rate. CuO exhibited most pronounced catalytic effect, increasing rate up 270% additives. K effective modifier for nitrate–based enhancing 100% pressure range above MPa. addition from MPa had promoting effect on mixtures based be catalysts AN‐based combustion.

Язык: Английский

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Facile synthesis and decomposition kinetics of novel green energetic molecular perovskite based on nitrate group DAN-4 as an alternative for ammonium nitrate oxidizer

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2025

The accompanying health and environmental issues have prompted a renewed effort to find more environmentally friendly substitutes for ammonium perchlorate (AP) as solid rocket propellant oxidizer. AP Propulsion's outstanding performance is complemented by concerns, which search greener options necessary. Ammonium nitrate (AN) has emerged viable alternative that provides cost-effectiveness, non-detectable tractable properties the adversary, cleaner combustion products. Structural instability one of problems with AN-based propellants. This work aims overcome this obstacle creating green energetic molecular perovskite based on groups (NO3-). NH4(C6H12N2)(NO3)3 (DAN-4) was synthesized assembly technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) were applied characterize structure morphology AP, AN, DAN-4. Thermal decomposition DAN-4 investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). results show exothermic peak at 201 °C 1420 J/g heat evolved compared AN two endothermic phase transitions 54 °C, 128 respectively, melting point 170 294 no peak, evolved. shows higher energy released than common oxidizer 836 J/g. Decomposition kinetics via isoconversional (model free) model fitting. Kissinger, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), integral method Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO). demonstrated an apparent activation 211.1 ± 1.66 kJ/mol 160.8 1.07 pure 143.82 3.3 AN. stability could promote application in field composite propellant.

Язык: Английский

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Investigation of the ignition and combustion characteristics of Al@AP incorporated with graded aluminum powder

Defence Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing combustion performance of Al-H2O gelled propellants via polytetrafluoroethylene

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106422 - 106422

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Aluminum-based alloy fuels for solid propellants: intrinsic properties, energy enhancement and combustion rate regulation

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 177793 - 177793

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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