Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

The increasing global energy demand and environmental concerns have intensified interest in renewable fuels, with biodiesel emerging as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. This study investigates the impact of zinc oxide (ZnO) catalysts on production from waste cooking oil, focusing both fuel properties sustainability. effects ZnO concentration (2.5%, 5%, 10%), methanol-to-oil ratio (6:1, 8:1, 10:1), reaction time (60, 80, 100 min) were systematically analyzed. samples evaluated for fatty acid methyl ester composition, cetane number, oxidative stability, viscosity, freezing point using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry property assessments. Additionally, carbon footprint analysis was conducted assess production, incorporating electricity consumption, methanol usage, application, transportation emissions, feedstock preprocessing. findings indicate that longer times higher ratios increase while optimizing catalyst can enhance quality performance. highlights potential an effective heterogeneous provides actionable strategies improve sustainability, including parameter optimization, collection efficiency, exploration. These insights contribute development eco-friendly biofuel methods broader transition toward solutions.

Язык: Английский