Decoloniality and anti-oppressive practices for a more ethical ecology

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(9), С. 1205 - 1212

Опубликована: Май 24, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Assessing ontogenetic maturity in extinct saurian reptiles

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 96(2), С. 470 - 525

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2020

ABSTRACT Morphology forms the most fundamental level of data in vertebrate palaeontology because it is through interpretations morphology that taxa are identified, creating basis for broad evolutionary and palaeobiological hypotheses. Assessing maturity one basic aspects morphological interpretation provides means to study evolution ontogenetic changes, population structure palaeoecology, life‐history strategies, heterochrony along lineages would otherwise be lost time. Saurian reptiles (the least‐inclusive clade containing Lepidosauria Archosauria) have remained an incredibly diverse, numerous, disparate their ~260‐million‐year history. Because great disparity this group, assessing saurian difficult, fraught with methodological terminological ambiguity. We compiled a novel database literature, assembling >900 individual instances assessment, examine critically how has been diagnosed. review often inexact inconsistent terminology used assessment (e.g. ‘juvenile’, ‘mature’) provide routes better clarity cross‐study coherence. describe various methods assess every major integrating from both extant extinct give full account current state field providing method‐specific pitfalls, best practices, fruitful directions future research. recommend new standard subsection, ‘Ontogenetic Assessment’, added Systematic Palaeontology portions descriptive studies explicit diagnoses clear criteria. utility different criteria highly subclade dependent among saurians, even widely neurocentral suture fusion), we phylogenetic context, preferably form bracket, justify use method. Different should conjunction as independent lines evidence when maturity, instead diagnosis resting entirely on single criterion, which common literature. Critically, there need well‐represented growth series integrated fossil record ground assessments well‐constrained, empirically tested methods.

Язык: Английский

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Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications

Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 110, С. 103341 - 103341

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Origin and Evolution of Birds

Fascinating life sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 154

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A chronostratigraphic framework for the upper Stormberg Group: Implications for the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in southern Africa

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 203, С. 103120 - 103120

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Dinosaur Macroevolution and Macroecology

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 49(1), С. 379 - 408

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2018

Dinosaurs were large-bodied land animals of the Mesozoic that gave rise to birds. They played a fundamental role in structuring Jurassic–Cretaceous ecosystems and had physiology, growth, reproductive biology unlike those extant animals. These features have made them targets theoretical macroecology. achieved substantial structural diversity, their fossil record documents evolutionary assembly avian body plan. Phylogeny-based research has allowed new insights into dinosaur macroevolution, including adaptive landscape size evolution, patterns species diversification, origins birds bird-like traits. Nevertheless, much remains unknown due incompleteness at both local global scales. This presents major challenges frontier paleobiological regarding tests macroecological hypotheses effects biology, ecology, life history on macroevolution.

Язык: Английский

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Ontogenetic changes in the body plan of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Mussaurus patagonicus reveal shifts of locomotor stance during growth

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Май 20, 2019

Abstract Ontogenetic information is crucial to understand life histories and represents a true challenge in dinosaurs due the scarcity of growth series available. Mussaurus patagonicus was sauropodomorph dinosaur close origin Sauropoda known from hatchling, juvenile mature specimens, providing sufficiently complete ontogenetic reconstruct general patterns ontogeny. Here, order quantify how body shape its relationship with locomotor stance (quadruped/biped) changed ontogeny, (~1 year old) adult (8+ years individuals were studied using digital models. Our results show that rapidly grew about 60 g at hatching ~7 kg one old, reaching >1000 adulthood. During this time, body’s centre mass moved position mid-thorax more caudal nearer pelvis. We infer these changes reflect shift quadrupedalism bipedalism occurred early ontogeny . study indicates relative development tail neck influential determining Sauropodomorpha during challenging previous studies, which have emphasized influence hindlimb vs. forelimb lengths on stance.

Язык: Английский

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Extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs linked to Early Jurassic global warming event

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 287(1939), С. 20202310 - 20202310

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2020

Sauropods, the giant long-necked dinosaurs, became dominant group of large herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems after multiple related lineages extinct towards end Early Jurassic (190–174 Ma). The causes and precise timing this key faunal change, as well origin eusauropods (true sauropods), have remained ambiguous mainly due to scarce dinosaurian fossil record time. sedimentary successions Cañadón Asfalto Basin central Patagonia (Argentina) document critical interval dinosaur evolution. Here, we report a new with nearly complete skull that is oldest eusauropod known date provide high-precision U–Pb geochronology constrains time rise Patagonia. We show dominance was established massive magmatic event impacting southern Gondwana (180–184 Ma) coincided severe perturbations climate drastic decrease floral diversity characterized by conifers small scaly leaves. Floral records from other regions suggest these were global changes impacted during Toarcian warming formed part second-order mass extinction event.

Язык: Английский

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Growth variability, dimensional scaling, and the interpretation of osteohistological growth data

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2021

Osteohistological data are commonly used to study the life history of extant and extinct tetrapods. While recent advances have permitted detailed reconstructions growth patterns, physiology other features using these data, they most in assessments ontogenetic stage relative animals. These methods seen widespread adoption years, rapidly becoming a common component taxonomic description new fossil taxa, but often applied without close consideration sources variation present or dimensional scaling relationships that exist among different osteohistological measurements. Here, we use combination theoretical models empirical from range tetrapods review variability measurements, their resulting interpretations can be made those data. In particular, provide recommendations on usage interpretation mark spacing/zonal thickness when likely unreliable, under what conditions useful inferences for studies history.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic comparative description of extant turtle humeri, with comments on humerus disparity and evolution based on fossil comparisons

The Anatomical Record, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 307(11), С. 3437 - 3505

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

The humerus is central for locomotion in turtles as quadrupedal animals. Osteological variation across testudine clades remains poorly documented. Here, we systematically describe the anatomy all major extant turtle based on 38 species representing phylogenetic and ecological diversity of crown turtles. Three Late Triassic shelled stem (Testudindata) are included to establish plesiomorphic morphology. Our work 3D models, establishing a publicly available digital database. Previously defined terms anatomical sides (e.g., dorsal, ventral) often not aligned with respective body other animals sprawling gait. We propose alternative directional simplify communication: radial ulnar (the articulating radius/ulna), capitular side bearing humeral head), intertubercular (opposite surface). Turtle humeri show low morphological exceptions concentrated locomotory specialists. 15 discrete characters summarize osteological future studies. Disparity analyses comparing non-shelled indicate that presence shell constrains variation. Flippered aquatic released from this constraint significantly increase overall disparity. Ontogenetic changes related increased ossification pronunciation proximal processes, distal articulation areas, closure ectepicondylar groove foramen. Some retain juvenile features into adulthood provide evidence paedomorphic evolution. review morphology throughout evolution its group.

Язык: Английский

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