Networking brainstem and basal ganglia circuits for movement

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(6), С. 342 - 360

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Brainstem Circuits for Locomotion

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(1), С. 63 - 85

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that expressed as the output of many integrated brain functions. organized at several levels nervous system, with brainstem circuits acting gate between areas regulating innate, emotional, or motivational locomotion and executive spinal circuits. Here we review recent advances on involved in controlling locomotion. We describe how delineated command govern start, speed, stop, steering also discuss these pathways interface cord diverse important for context-specific selection A recurrent theme need to establish functional connectome from Finally, point unresolved issues concerning function locomotor control.

Язык: Английский

---

Basal ganglia–spinal cord pathway that commands locomotor gait asymmetries in mice

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(4), С. 716 - 727

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Abstract The basal ganglia are essential for executing motor actions. How the engage spinal networks has remained elusive. Medullary Chx10 gigantocellular (Gi) neurons required turning gait programs, suggesting that gaits organized by executed via this descending pathway. Performing deep brainstem recordings of Gi Ca 2+ activity in adult mice, we show striatal projection initiate a dominant crossed pathway to on contralateral side. Using intersectional viral tracing and cell-type-specific modulation, uncover principal ganglia–spinal cord locomotor asymmetries mice: → pontine reticular nucleus, oral part (PnO) cord. Modulating restricted PnO restores competence upon damage, dysfunction may contribute debilitating deficits observed Parkinson’s disease. Our results reveal stratified circuit architecture underlying critical program.

Язык: Английский

---

Neural circuit mechanisms for steering control in walkingDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2020

Abstract Orienting behaviors provide a continuous stream of information about an organism’s sensory experiences and plans. Thus, to study the links between sensation action, it is useful identify neurons in brain that control orienting behaviors. Here we describe descending Drosophila predict influence orientation (heading) during walking. We show these cells have specialized functions: whereas one cell type predicts sustained low-gain steering, other transient high-gain steering. These latter integrate internally-directed steering signals from head direction system with stimulus-directed multimodal pathways. The inputs are organized produce “see-saw” commands, so increasing output hemisphere accompanied by decreasing hemisphere. Together, our results internal external drives integrated motor commands different timescales, for flexible precise space.

Язык: Английский

---

Optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in the cuneiform nucleus controls locomotion in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(43)

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2021

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the loss of midbrain dopaminergic cells results in severe locomotor deficits, such as gait freezing and akinesia. Growing evidence indicates that these deficits can be attributed to decreased activity mesencephalic region (MLR), a brainstem controlling locomotion. Clinicians are exploring deep brain stimulation MLR treatment option improve function. The variable, from modest promising. However, within MLR, clinicians have targeted pedunculopontine nucleus exclusively, while leaving cuneiform unexplored. To our knowledge, effects never been determined parkinsonian conditions any animal model. Here, we addressed this issue mouse model PD, based on bilateral striatal injection 6-hydroxydopamine, which damaged nigrostriatal pathway activity. We show selective optogenetic glutamatergic neurons mice expressing channelrhodopsin Cre-dependent manner Vglut2-positive (Vglut2-ChR2-EYFP mice) increased number initiations, time spent locomotion, controlled speed. Using learning-based movement analysis, found limb kinematics optogenetic-evoked locomotion pathological were largely similar those recorded intact animals. Our work identifies potentially clinically relevant target conditions. study should open avenues develop using stimulation, pharmacotherapy, or optogenetics.

Язык: Английский

---

Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons: multimodal cells with diverse roles in the CNS

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(9), С. 540 - 556

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Structural and functional map for forelimb movement phases between cortex and medulla

Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186(1), С. 162 - 177.e18

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The cortex influences movement by widespread top-down projections to many nervous system regions. Skilled forelimb movements require brainstem circuitry in the medulla; however, logic of cortical interactions with these neurons remains unexplored. Here, we reveal a fine-grained anatomical and functional map between anterior (AC) medulla mice. Distinct regions generate three-dimensional synaptic columns tiling lateral medulla, topographically matching dorso-ventral positions postsynaptic tuned distinct action phases. Although medial AC (MAC) terminates ventrally connects forelimb-reaching-tuned its silencing impairs reaching, (LAC) dorsally positioned food handling, handling. Cortico-medullary also extend collaterals other subcortical structures through segregated channel interaction logic. Our findings precise alignment location, function, specific forelimb-action-tuned neurons, thereby clarifying principles two key beyond.

Язык: Английский

---

Spinal Interneurons: Diversity and Connectivity in Motor Control

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(1), С. 79 - 99

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

The spinal cord is home to the intrinsic networks for locomotion. An animal in which has been fully severed from brain can still produce rhythmic, patterned locomotor movements as long some excitatory drive provided, such physical, pharmacological, or electrical stimuli. Yet it remains a challenge define underlying circuitry that produces these because contains wide variety of neuron classes whose patterns interconnectivity are poorly understood. Computational models locomotion accordingly rely on untested assumptions about network element identity and connectivity. In this review, we consider neurons, their interconnectivity, significance circuit connections along axis cord. We suggest several lines analysis move toward definitive understanding network.

Язык: Английский

---

The mesencephalic locomotor region recruits V2a reticulospinal neurons to drive forward locomotion in larval zebrafish

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(10), С. 1775 - 1790

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

Abstract The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a brain stem area whose stimulation triggers graded forward locomotion. How MLR neurons recruit downstream vsx2 + (V2a) reticulospinal (RSNs) poorly understood. Here, to overcome this challenge, we uncovered the locus of in transparent larval zebrafish and show that distinct from nucleus medial longitudinal fasciculus. stimulations reliably elicit locomotion controlled duration frequency. V2a RSNs via projections onto somata pontine retropontine areas, dendrites medulla. High-speed volumetric imaging neuronal activity reveals strongly MLR-coupled are active for steering or swimming, whereas weakly medullary encode frequency component. Our study demonstrates how specific control kinematics suggests conservation motor functions across vertebrates.

Язык: Английский

---

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying context-specific halting in Drosophila

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 634(8032), С. 191 - 200

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

---