Considering sex as a biological variable will require a global shift in science culture

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(4), С. 457 - 464

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The population doctrine in cognitive neuroscience

Neuron, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(19), С. 3055 - 3068

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in learning from exploration

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2021

Sex-based modulation of cognitive processes could set the stage for individual differences in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. While value-based decision making particular have been proposed be influenced by sex differences, overall correct performance tasks often show variable or minimal across sexes. Computational tools allow us uncover latent variables that define different approaches, even animals with similar performance. Here, we quantify mice underlying behavior a classic task: restless two-armed bandit. male and female had accuracy, they achieved this via patterns exploration. Male tended make more exploratory choices overall, largely because appeared get 'stuck' exploration once started. Female explore less but learned quickly during Together, these results suggest exerts stronger influences on periods learning than stable choices. Exploration is altered people diagnosed addictions, depression, neurodevelopmental disabilities, pinpointing neural mechanisms as highly translational avenue conferring sex-modulated diagnoses.When faced make, humans other reflect past experiences situations choose best option. However, an uncertain situation, process requires balancing two competing priorities: exploiting options are expected rewarding (exploitation), exploring alternatives valuable (exploration). Decision disrupted many mental disorders, some which can differ either presentation risk development women men. This raises question whether exploitation contribute conditions. To shed light question, Chen et al. studied played video game. The option touch one locations screen chance win small reward. likelihood success was between options, so were incentivized determine button. similarly successful finding rewards regardless sex, average likely keep while gained confidence These when well-known indicating uncertainty influence cognition most visible. not every mouse same – there much variability within seen indicate mechanisms, along cause important making. approach used help study species, how decision-making resilience

Язык: Английский

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In vivo Calcium Extrusion from Accumbal Astrocytes Reduces Anxiety-like Behaviors but Increases Compulsive-like Responses and Compulsive ethanol drinking in Mice

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 268, С. 110320 - 110320

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Dopamine Circuit Mechanisms of Addiction-Like Behaviors

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2021

Addiction is a complex disease that impacts millions of people around the world. Clinically, addiction formalized as substance use disorder (SUD), with three primary symptom categories: exaggerated use, social or lifestyle impairment, and risky use. Considerable efforts have been made to model features these criteria in non-human animal research subjects, for insight into underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Here we review evidence from rodent models SUD-inspired criteria, focusing on role striatal dopamine system. We identify distinct mesostriatal nigrostriatal circuit functions behavioral outcomes are relevant addictions SUDs. This work suggests essential not only positive SUDs, such elevated intake craving, but also impairments decision making underlie compulsive behavior, reduced sociality, risk taking. Understanding functional heterogeneity system related networks can offer this symptomatology may lead more targeted treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Sex mechanisms as nonbinary influences on cognitive diversity

Hormones and Behavior, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 162, С. 105544 - 105544

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2024

Essentially all neuropsychiatric diagnoses show some degree of sex and/or gender differences in their etiology, diagnosis, or prognosis. As a result, the roles sex-related variables behavior and cognition are strong interest to many, with several lines research showing effects on executive functions value-based decision making particular. These findings often framed within binary, females described as less optimal than male "defaults"-- framing that pits males against each other deemphasizes enormous overlap fundamental neural mechanisms across sexes. Here, we propose an alternative framework which factors encompass just one subset many sources valuable diversity cognition. First, review literature establishing multidimensional, nonbinary impacts related chromosomes endocrine cognition, focusing value- based decision-making tasks. Next, present two suggestions for interpretations analyses data can be implemented by behavioral neuroscientists without devoting laboratory resources delving into underlying differences. We recommend (1) shifting away from performance metrics towards strategy assessments avoid fallacy is worse another; (2) asking how much variance explains measures whether any mosaic rather assuming separate inextricably correlated. Nonbinary frameworks will allow neuroscience represent full spectrum brains behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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Behavioral neuroscience’s inevitable SABV growing pains

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(9), С. 669 - 676

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Electrophysiological biomarkers of behavioral dimensions from cross-species paradigms

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021

Abstract There has been a fundamental failure to translate preclinically supported research into clinically efficacious treatments for psychiatric disorders. One of the greatest impediments toward improving this species gap difficulty identifying translatable neurophysiological signals that are related specific behavioral constructs. Here, we present evidence from three paradigms were completed by humans and mice using analogous procedures, with each task eliciting candidate priori defined electrophysiological underlying effortful motivation, reinforcement learning, cognitive control. The motivation was assessed progressive ratio breakpoint task, yielding similar decrease in alpha-band activity over time both species. Reinforcement learning via feedback probabilistic delta power significantly modulated reward surprise Additionally, control five-choice continuous performance response-locked theta seen across species, humans. Together, these successes, also teachings failures, provide roadmap towards use electrophysiology as method translating findings preclinical assays clinical settings.

Язык: Английский

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Stress, associative learning, and decision-making

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 204, С. 107812 - 107812

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Exposure to acute and chronic stress has significant effects on the basic mechanisms of associative learning memory. Stress can both impair enhance depending type, intensity, persistence stressor, subject's sex, context that behavior is experienced in, type taking place. In some cases, cause or exacerbate maladaptive underlies numerous psychiatric conditions including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic substance use others. Therefore, it critical understand how varied stress, which may normally facilitate adaptive behavior, also become even harmful. this review, we highlight several findings decision-making processes are affected by in human non-human subjects they related one another. An emerging theme from work biases towards less flexible strategies reflect a cautious insensitivity changing contingencies. We consider inflexibility been observed different procedures suggest goal for field should be clarify factors such as sex previous experience influence inflexibility.

Язык: Английский

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Mixtures of strategies underlie rodent behavior during reversal learning

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(9), С. e1011430 - e1011430

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2023

In reversal learning tasks, the behavior of humans and animals is often assumed to be uniform within single experimental sessions facilitate data analysis model fitting. However, agents can display substantial variability in sessions, as they execute different blocks trials with transition dynamics. Here, we observed that a deterministic task, mice noisy sub-optimal choice transitions even at expert stages learning. We investigated two sources sub-optimality behavior. First, found exhibit high lapse rate during task execution, reverted unrewarded directions after transitions. Second, unexpectedly majority did not strategy, but rather mixed between several behavioral modes quantified use such mixtures state-space model, block Hidden Markov Model (block HMM), dissociate dynamic individual trials. Additionally, blockHMM rodent accounted for by types algorithms, model-free or inference-based learning, might used solve task. Combining these approaches, mixture both exploratory, strategies deterministic, explaining their overall sequences. Together, our combined computational approach highlights intrinsic noise provides richer description than conventional techniques, while uncovering hidden states underlie block-by-block

Язык: Английский

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