Abstract
The
Drosophila
melanogaster
olfactory
system
is
one
of
the
most
intensively
studied
parts
nervous
in
any
animal.
Composed
~50
independent
neuron
classes,
with
several
associated
hygrosensory
and
thermosensory
pathways,
it
has
been
subject
to
diverse
types
experimental
analyses.
However,
synthesizing
available
information
limited
by
incomplete
data
inconsistent
nomenclature
found
literature.
In
this
work,
we
first
“complete”
peripheral
sensory
map
through
identification
a
previously
uncharacterized
antennal
population
expressing
Or46aB,
definition
an
exceptional
“hybrid”
class
comprising
functional
Or
Ir
receptors.
Second,
survey
developmental,
anatomical,
connectomic,
functional,
evolutionary
studies
generate
integrated
dataset
visualizations
these
creating
unprecedented
resource.
Third,
illustrate
utility
reveal
relationships
between
different
organizational
properties
system,
new
questions
stimulate.
Such
examples
emphasize
power
resource
promote
further
understanding
construction,
function,
evolution
neural
circuits.
Abstract
Background
Diachasmimorpha
longicaudata
is
a
hymenopteran
fruit
fly
endoparasitoid.
Females
of
this
species
find
their
hosts
for
oviposition
by
using
complex
sensorial
mechanisms
in
response
to
physical
and
chemical
stimuli
associated
with
the
host
habitat.
Ecological
behavioral
aspects
related
host-seeking
behavior
have
been
extensively
studied
D.
,
including
identification
volatile
organic
compounds
acting
as
attractants
females.
In
sense,
molecular
chemoreception
explored
species,
preliminary
characterization
odorant-binding
proteins
(OBPs),
chemosensory
(CSPs)
odorant
receptors
(ORs),
among
other
proteins.
Functional
assays
on
OBP
CSP
conducted
first
approach
identify
female
oviposition.
The
aims
present
study
were
sensory
gene
repertoire
expressed
antenna
sexually
mature
mated
individuals
both
sexes,
subsequently,
characterize
transcripts
differentially
antennae
females
candidate
genes
Results
A
total
33,745
predicted
protein-coding
sequences
obtained
from
de
novo
antennal
transcriptome
assembly.
Ten
sensory-related
families
annotated
follows:
222
ORs,
44
ionotropic
(IRs),
25
gustatory
(GRs),
9
CSPs,
13
OBPs,
2
ammonium
transporters
(AMTs),
8
pickpocket
(PPKs)
receptors,
16
transient
receptor
potential
(TRP)
channels,
12
CD36/SNMPs
3
Niemann-Pick
type
C2
like
(NPC2-like).
differential
expression
analysis
revealed
237
151
up-
downregulated,
respectively,
between
male
antennae.
Ninety-seven
corresponded
88
being
upregulated
(87
ORs
one
TRP)
nine
downregulated
(six
two
CSPs
OBP)
compared
males.
Conclusions
was
similar
that
taxonomically
parasitoid
wasps.
We
identified
high
number
antenna.
These
results
may
indicate
family
has
central
role
during
search
habitats
reproductive
purposes.
Parasites & Vectors,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024
Abstract
Background
Lucilia
cuprina
(Wiedemann,
1830)
(Diptera:
Calliphoridae)
is
the
main
causative
agent
of
flystrike
sheep
in
Australia
and
New
Zealand.
Female
flies
lay
eggs
an
open
wound
or
natural
orifice,
developing
larvae
eat
host’s
tissues,
a
condition
called
myiasis.
To
improve
our
understanding
host-seeking
behavior,
we
quantified
gene
expression
male
female
antennae
based
on
their
behavior.
Methods
A
spatial
olfactometer
was
used
to
evaluate
olfactory
response
L.
mated
males
gravid
females
fresh
rotting
beef.
Antennal
RNA-Seq
analysis
identify
sensory
receptors
differentially
expressed
between
groups.
Results
were
more
attracted
rotten
compared
beef
(>
fivefold
increase).
However,
some
did
not
respond
either
type
performed
dissected
from
females,
non-attracted
males.
Transcripts
encoding
11
families
identified
above
threshold
(≥
5
transcript
per
million)
including
49
ATP-binding
cassette
transporters
(ABCs),
two
ammonium
(AMTs),
37
odorant
(ORs),
16
ionotropic
(IRs),
gustatory
(GRs),
22
odorant-binding
proteins
(OBPs),
9
CD36-sensory
neuron
membrane
(CD36/SNMPs),
4
chemosensory
(CSPs),
myeloid
lipid-recognition
(ML)
Niemann-Pick
C2
disease
(ML/NPC2),
2
pickpocket
(PPKs)
3
transient
receptor
potential
channels
(TRPs).
Differential
analyses
sex-biased
receptors.
Conclusions
We
that
both
sexes
hence
may
be
associated
with
host
detection
by
flies.
The
most
promising
for
future
investigations
as
follows:
(LcupOR46)
which
female-biased
Cochliomyia
hominivorax
Coquerel,
1858;
ABC
transporter
(ABC
G23.1)
sole
upregulated
females;
ammonia
(AMT_Rh50),
previously
Drosophila
melanogaster
Meigen,
1830.
This
first
report
suggesting
possible
role
olfaction
potentially
other
insects.
Graphical
Abstract
Nitrogen
is
an
essential
element
for
the
synthesis
of
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
various
other
critical
biological
molecules
in
insects.
The
maintenance
nitrogen
homeostasis
insects
achieved
through
a
balance
dietary
intake,
metabolic
conversion,
excretion.
Insects
primarily
acquire
from
their
diet,
which
subsequently
metabolized
into
amino
vital
biomolecules
following
digestion
absorption.
Excess
excreted
forms
such
as
uric
acid,
allantoin,
allantoic
urea,
ammonia.
Disruptions
regulation
can
result
ammonia
toxicity
abnormal
production
or
excretion
nitrogenous
metabolites,
including
ultimately
impairing
insect
development
survival.
This
review
examines
mechanisms
underlying
insects,
with
focus
on
intricate
regulatory
roles
carbohydrate
metabolism,
acid
urea
polyamine
transport
pathways,
symbiotic
interactions.
By
elucidating
these
processes,
this
aims
to
enhance
our
understanding
nutritional
metabolism
developmental
biology,
while
offering
novel
perspectives
more
effective
pest
management
strategies.
Abstract
The
Drosophila
melanogaster
olfactory
system
is
one
of
the
most
intensively
studied
parts
nervous
in
any
animal.
Composed
~50
independent
neuron
classes,
with
several
associated
hygrosensory
and
thermosensory
pathways,
it
has
been
subject
to
diverse
types
experimental
analyses.
However,
synthesizing
available
information
limited
by
incomplete
data
inconsistent
nomenclature
found
literature.
In
this
work,
we
first
“complete”
peripheral
sensory
map
through
identification
a
previously
uncharacterized
antennal
population
expressing
Or46aB,
definition
an
exceptional
“hybrid”
class
comprising
functional
Or
Ir
receptors.
Second,
survey
developmental,
anatomical,
connectomic,
functional,
evolutionary
studies
generate
integrated
dataset
visualizations
these
creating
unprecedented
resource.
Third,
illustrate
utility
reveal
relationships
between
different
organizational
properties
system,
new
questions
stimulate.
Such
examples
emphasize
power
resource
promote
further
understanding
construction,
function,
evolution
neural
circuits.
