Anticoagulant rodenticides are climbing the food chain to the top: a first proof of widespread positivity in grey wolves (Canis lupus)

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2023

Second-generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (ARs) can be particularly critical for large carnivores, due to their widespread use and time-delayed impacts on populations. While many studies explored the of ARs small mesocarnivores, no study extent which they could contaminate carnivores in anthropized landscapes Europe.We filled this gap by exploring spatiotemporal trends grey wolf (Canis lupus) exposure central northern Italy, relying a dataset dead wolves (n = 186) tested with standardized laboratory protocols. The determination anticoagulants was carried out means semiquantitative LC-MS/MS method.Most 115/186, 61.8%) positive (1 compound, n 36; 2 compounds, 47; 3 16; 4 or more 16). Bromadiolone, Brodifacoum Difenacoum, were most common Brodifacoum/Bromadiolone combination that co-occurred 61).Both probability test multiple presence Brodifacoum, Bromadiolone liver, systematically increased found at sites. Moreover, became likely through time, after 2020.Our results underline rodent control, based baiting, increases risks unintentional poisoning non-target wildlife. However, risk does not only involve but also top food chain, such as wolves. Therefore, control is adding one further conservation threat endangered Europe, whose severity increase time far higher than previously thought. Widespread monitoring schemes European should devised soon possible.

Язык: Английский

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Urban birds’ tolerance towards humans was largely unaffected by increased variation in human levels due to COVID-19 shutdowns

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically altered human activities, and, during shutdowns. Here, we evaluated whether urban birds from five countries changed their tolerance towards humans the COVID-19 We collected 6369 flight initiation distance estimates for 147 bird species and found that numbers in parks (at a given hour, day, week or year - before shutdowns) had little effect on birds’ of approaching humans. Apart actual area (hourly scale), activity at other temporal scales centered around zero. results were similar across countries, most when restricted our analyses only to sampled both As expected, level daily presence (measured by Google Mobility Reports) correlated negatively with stringency governmental restrictions (a weekly proxy presence) was overall lower shutdowns than post-shutdown (2022). Our highlight resilience changes multiple scales, complexities linking animal fear responses behavior, challenge quantifying simultaneously situ .

Язык: Английский

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Humans influence shark behavior: Evidence from the COVID-19 lockdown

Ocean & Coastal Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 248, С. 106965 - 106965

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2023

Achieving the UN SD Goals requires conservation of keystone marine species. As top predators, many sharks play a crucial role in balancing ecosystems; yet, they have been experiencing severe population declines. Overfishing is indisputably main threat to shark populations, but little known about impact non-extractive human pressure. This study tests effect varied presence on behavior at an insular reserve. In 2020, humans were virtually absent from Fernando de Noronha (FEN), Brazil, during 211-days lockdown period prompted by COVID-19 pandemics. A local tracking program rendered nearly 280000 acoustic detections coastal waters 2016 through 2021. Lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, showed 43% increase detection rate which was ascribed concomitant decrease presence. contrast, tiger Galeocerdo cuvier, decreased 67% lockdown, this trend likely related seasonality behavior. After both species' rates tended return previous levels. Further, lemon increased diurnal residency and made more use areas less restrictive whilst nocturnal after period. Contrasting trends might relate with completing their life cycle FEN being migrants arriving older ages exposed anthropogenic stimuli across ontogeny. demonstrates that disturbance can induce significant changes way predators explore habitats for accomplishing trophic, reproductive, ontogenetic functions. Ascertaining ecological impacts marine-based development should thus consider cryptic responses megafauna landscape produced ever-growing population. The designation exclusion could emerge as single solution endow populations suitable optimizing resilience

Язык: Английский

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On the Topologies of micro/macrohabitats in the Mollusca-Sciomyzidae Taxocene

Wetlands, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(4)

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Abstract A new perspective on habitat is presented, which considers the topological relationships among macrohabitats of adults and sub-set microhabitats eggs other juvenile stages. model seven topologies presented using snail-killing flies (Sciomyzidae: Diptera) as an exemplar; four these are drawn a hydrological continuum from aquatic through shoreline to terrestrial, three stand-alone specialized feeding groups. Colonisation-extinction dynamics discussed in relation first macrohabitat then microhabitat structure. The has wide application outside Mollusca-Sciomyzidae taxocene e.g. parasitoid wasp-host taxocenes, phytophagous insect-host communities, for freshwater macro-invertebrates even, context “landscape fear”, bird mammal populations. taken more “autecological” than traditional “biotope” or resource view habitats, yet broad enough encompass many different behavioural groups shown Sciomyzidae.

Язык: Английский

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Animal Behavior, Cognition, and Human–Wildlife Interactions in Urban Areas

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 177 - 202

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2023

Abstract Behavioral change is frequently identified as quintessential in facilitating urban living, yet simultaneously linked to human–wildlife conflict. Changes behaviors (e.g., boldness, movement, dietary flexibility), cognition, and learning can be near-instantaneous, enabling animals effectively deal with novel environmental stressors. However, behavioral innovations that increase the likelihood of conflict potentially jeopardize fitness gains. Moreover, some species areas are behaviorally inflexible or intolerant humans, presenting a different set challenges conserving such cities. This work explains how principles conservation behavior cognition present multifaceted toolkit for bolstering biodiversity while minimizing detrimental impacts Management strategies will also vary according perceived threat valuation certain wildlife species. As such, this additionally explores social heterogeneity coalesce influence spatial temporal nature interactions Tolerance by people creates invisible “human shields,” which benign eastern grey squirrels cottontail) turn demonstrate increased human tolerance relative those considered high mountain lions, coyotes). The combination participatory surveys allows us build models predict prevent impending conflicts based on: (1) various utilize space human-dominated environments; (2) residents their perceptions wildlife.

Язык: Английский

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