BIOTIC INTERACTIONS AND MACROEVOLUTION: EXTENSIONS AND MISMATCHES ACROSS SCALES AND LEVELS

Evolution, Год журнала: 2008, Номер 62(4), С. 715 - 739

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2008

Clade dynamics in the fossil record broadly fit expectations from operation of competition, predation, and mutualism, but data both modern ancient systems suggest mismatches across scales levels. Indirect effects, as when antagonistic or mutualistic interactions restrict geographic range thereby elevate extinction risk, are probably widespread may flow directions, species‐ organismic‐level factors increase risk speciation probabilities. Apparent contradictions levels have been neglected, including (1) individualistic shifts species on centennial millennial timescales versus evidence for fine‐tuned coevolutionary relationships; (2) extensive dynamic networks faced by most evolution costly enemy‐specific defenses finely attuned mutualisms; (3) macroevolutionary lags often seen between origin diversification a clade an evolutionary novelty rapid microevolution advantageous phenotypes invasibility communities. Resolution these other cross‐level tensions presumably hinges how organismic impinge genetic population structures, ranges, persistence incipient species, generalizations not yet possible. Paleontological neontological incomplete so powerful response to problems will require novel integrative approaches. Promising research areas include more realistic approaches modeling empirical analysis large‐scale diversity ostensibly competing clades; spatial phylogenetic dissections clades involved escalatory (where prey respond evolutionarily broad shifting array enemies); analyses short‐ long‐term consequences symbioses; fuller use abundant natural experiments impacts ecosystem engineers.

Язык: Английский

---

What is conservation paleobiology? Tracking 20 years of research and development

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2022

Conservation paleobiology has coalesced over the last two decades since its formal coining, united by goal of applying geohistorical records to inform conservation, management, and restoration biodiversity ecosystem services. Yet, field is still attempting form an identity distinct from academic roots. Here, we ask a deceptively simple question: What conservation paleobiology? To track development as field, synthesize complementary perspectives survey scientific community that familiar with systematic literature review publications use term. We present overview paleobiology’s research scope compare participants’ perceptions what it should be field. find paleobiologists variety data in their work, although typified near-time marine molluscs terrestrial mammals collected local regional spatial scales. Our results also confirm field’s broad disciplinary basis: participants indicated can incorporate information wide range disciplines spanning biology, ecology, historical paleontology, archaeology. Finally, show have yet reach consensus on how applied practice. The revealed many thought more but most do not currently engage Reflecting developed decades, discuss opportunities promote cohesion, strengthen collaborations within science, align training priorities continues crystallize.

Язык: Английский

---

Inner ear biomechanics reveals a Late Triassic origin for mammalian endothermy

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 607(7920), С. 726 - 731

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Integrating Fossil Observations Into Phylogenetics Using the Fossilized Birth–Death Model

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 53(1), С. 251 - 273

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2022

Over the past decade, a new set of methods for estimating dated trees has emerged. Originally referred to as fossilized birth–death (FBD) process, this single model expanded family models that allows researchers coestimate evolutionary parameters (e.g., diversification, sampling) and patterns alongside divergence times variety applications from paleobiology real-time epidemiology. We provide an overview models. explore ways in which these correspond quantitative paleobiology, FBD process provides framework through neontological paleontological approaches phylogenetics macroevolution can be unified. also challenges associated with applying models, particularly eye toward fossil record. conclude review by discussing several exciting avenues inclusion data phylogenetic analyses.

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanistic phylodynamic models do not provide conclusive evidence that non-avian dinosaurs were in decline before their final extinction

Cambridge Prisms Extinction, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Phylodynamic models can be used to estimate diversification trajectories from time-calibrated phylogenies. Here we apply two such phylogenies of non-avian dinosaurs, a clade whose evolutionary history has been widely debated. Although some authors have suggested that the experienced decline in diversity, potentially starting millions years before end-Cretaceous mass extinction, others group remained highly diverse right up until Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Our results show model assumptions, likely with respect incomplete sampling, large impact on whether dinosaurs appear long-term or not. The are also sensitive topology and branch lengths phylogeny used. Developing comprehensive sampling bias, building larger more accurate phylogenies, necessary steps for us determine dinosaur diversity was not extinction.

Язык: Английский

---

Spatial standardization of taxon occurrence data—a call to action

Paleobiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 50(2), С. 177 - 193

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Abstract The fossil record is spatiotemporally heterogeneous: taxon occurrence data have patchy spatial distributions, and this patchiness varies through time. Large-scale quantitative paleobiology studies that fail to account for heterogeneous sampling coverage will generate uninformative inferences at best confidently draw wrong conclusions worst. Explicitly methods of standardization are necessary analyses large-scale datasets, because nonspatial sample standardization, such as diversity rarefaction, insufficient reduce the signal varying time or between environments clades. Spatial should control both geographic area dispersion (spread) localities. In addition standardizing distribution data, other factors may be standardized, including environmental heterogeneity number publications field collecting units report occurrences. Using a case study published global Paleobiology Database occurrences, we demonstrate strong signals sampling; without these signatures could misattributed biological processes. We discuss practical issues implementing via subsampling present new R package divvy improve accessibility analysis. software provides three approaches, well related tools quantify coverage. After reviewing theory, practice, history equalizing comparison groups, outline priority areas collection, analysis, reporting practices in paleobiology.

Язык: Английский

---

Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(31)

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

The drivers of Ediacaran-Cambrian metazoan radiations remain unclear, as does the fidelity record. We use a global age framework [580-510 million years (Ma) ago] to estimate changes in marine sedimentary rock volume and area, reconstructed biodiversity (mean genus richness), sampling intensity, integrated with carbonate carbon isotopes (δ

Язык: Английский

---

The marine biodiversity impact of the Late Miocene Mediterranean salinity crisis

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 385(6712), С. 986 - 991

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

Massive salt accumulations, or giants, have formed in highly restricted marine basins throughout geological history, but their impact on biodiversity has been only patchily studied. The giant the Mediterranean Sea as a result of restriction its gateway to Atlantic during Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) 5.97 5.33 million years ago. Here, we quantify changes associated with MSC based compilation fossil record. We conclude that 86 endemic species 2006 pre-MSC survived crisis, and present eastward-decreasing richness gradient was established after MSC.

Язык: Английский

---

Challenges and directions in analytical paleobiology

Paleobiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 49(3), С. 377 - 393

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Over the last 50 years, access to new data and analytical tools has expanded study of paleobiology, contributing innovative analyses biodiversity dynamics over Earth's history. Despite-or even spurred by-this growing availability resources, paleobiology faces deep-rooted obstacles that stem from need for more equitable best practices guide fossil record. Recent progress been accelerated by a collective push toward collaborative, interdisciplinary, open science, especially early-career researchers. Here, we survey four challenges facing an perspective: (1) accounting biases when interpreting record; (2) integrating modern data; (3) building science skills; (4) increasing accessibility equity. We discuss recent efforts address each challenge, highlight persisting barriers, identify have advanced work. Given inherent linkages between these challenges, encourage discourse across disciplines find common solutions. also affirm systemic changes reevaluate how conduct share paleobiological research.

Язык: Английский

---

Palaeontological signatures of the Anthropocene are distinct from those of previous epochs

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 255, С. 104844 - 104844

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2024

The "Great Acceleration" of the mid-20th century provides causal mechanism Anthropocene, which has been proposed as a new epoch geological time beginning in 1952 CE. Here we identify key parameters and their diagnostic palaeontological signals including rapid breakdown discrete biogeographical ranges for marine terrestrial species, changes to ecologies resulting from climate change ecological degradation, spread exotic foodstuffs beyond range, accumulation reconfigured forest materials such medium density fibreboard (MDF) all being symptoms Great Acceleration. We show: 1) how Anthropocene successions North America, South Africa, Oceania, Europe, Asia can be correlated using signatures highly invasive species that demonstrate growing interconnectivity human systems; 2) unique depositional settings landfills may concentrate remains organisms far geographical range environmental tolerance; 3) preserve long-lived, record within post-mid-20th deposits. Collectively these provide global signature is distinct past records deep-time biotic change, those Holocene.

Язык: Английский

---